Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

 

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table. In the poem, Sir Gawain accepts a challenge from a mysterious warrior who is completely green, from his clothes and hair to his beard and skin, save for his red eyes. The "Green Knight" offers to allow anyone to strike him with his axe if the challenger will take a return blow in a year and a day. Gawain accepts, and beheads him in one blow, only to have the Green Knight stand up, pick up his head, and remind Gawain to meet him at the appointed time. In his struggles to uphold his oath, Gawain faithfully demonstrates the qualities of chivalry and loyalty until his honour is called into question by a test crafted by the lady of the castle in which much of the story takes place. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is one of the better-known Arthurian stories, which date back to the 12th century.

The poem survives in a single manuscript, the Cotton Nero A.x., that also includes three religious pieces, Pearl, Purity, andPatience. These works are thought to have been written by the same unknown author, dubbed the "Pearl Poet" or "Gawain Poet." All four narrative poems are written in a North West Midland dialect of Middle English.^[1][2] The story thus emerges from the Welsh and English traditions of the dialect area, borrowing from earlier "beheading game" stories and highlighting the importance of honour and chivalry in the face of danger.

In addition to its complex plot and rich language, the poem's chief interest for literary critics is its sophisticated use of medievalsymbolism. Everything from the Green Knight, to the beheading game, to the girdle given to Gawain as protection from the axe, is richly symbolic and steeped in Celtic, Germanic, and other folklore and cultural traditions. The Green Knight, for example, is interpreted by some as a representation of the Green Man of folklore and by others as an allusion to Christ.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an important poem in the romance genre, which typically involves a hero who goes on a quest that tests his prowess. The ambiguity of the poem's ending, however, makes it more complex than most. Christian readings of the poem argue for an apocalyptic interpretation, drawing parallels between Gawain and Lady Bertilak and the story of Adam and Eve. Feminist interpretations disagree at the most basic level, some arguing that women are in total control from beginning to end, while others argue that their control is only an illusion. Cultural critics have argued that the poem is best read as an expression of tensions between the Welsh and English present at the time in the poet's dialect region. The poem remains popular to this day, through translations from renowned authors like J. R. R. Tolkien and Simon Armitage, as well as through recent film and stage adaptations.

The stories begins amid the festivities of New Year’s Eve at the court of King Arthur. A great feast is being prepared, but King Arthur has vowed not to eat until he has heard strange news or a challenge has been issued at his court. His desire is quickly fulfilled, as a huge Green Knight appears in the door, holding a holly branch in one hand and a battle–ax in the other. All stare at the stranger in fear, but he explains that he has come in peace.


He proceeds, however, to taunt the knights, and issues a challenge. Any knight may take the ax, and chop off the head of the...

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT

translated by

JESSIE L. WESTON

Preface of the author to First Edition
The poem of which the following pages offer a prose rendering is contained in a MS., believed to be unique, of the Cottonian Collection, Nero A.X., preserved in the British Museum. The MS. is of the end of the fourteenth century, but it is possible that the composition of the poem is somewhat earlier; the subject-matter is certainly of very old date. There has been a considerable divergence of opinion among scholars on the question of authorship, but the view now generally accepted is that it is the work of the same hand as Pearl, another poem of considerable merit contained in the same MS.
   Our poem, or, to speak more correctly, metrical romance, contains over 2500 lines, and is composed in staves of varying length, ending in five short rhyming lines, technically known as a bob and a wheel,--the lines forming the body of the stave being not rhyming, but alliterative. The dialect in which it is written has been decided to be West Midland, probably Lancashire, and is by no means easy to understand. Indeed, it is the real difficulty and obscurity of the language, which, in spite of careful and scholarly editing, will always place the poem in its original form outside the range of any but professed students of mediæval literature, which has encouraged me to make an attempt to render it more accessible to the general public, by giving it a form that shall be easily intelligible, and at the same time preserve as closely as possible the style of the author.
   For that style, in spite of a certain roughness, unavoidable at a period in which the language was still in a partially developed and amorphous stage, is really charming. The author has a keen eye for effect; a talent for description, detailed without becoming wearisome; a genuine love of Nature and sympathy with her varying moods; and a real refinement and elevation of feeling which enable him to deal with arisqué: situation with an absence of coarseness, not, unfortunately, to be always met with in a mediæval writer. Standards of taste vary with the age, but even judged by that of our own day the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight comes not all too badly out of the ordeal!
   The story with which the poem deals, too, has claims upon our interest. I have shown elsewhere 1 that the beheading challenge is an incident of very early occurrence in heroic legend, and that the particular form given to it in the English poem is especially interesting, corresponding as it does to the variations of the story as preserved in the oldest known version, that of the old Irish Fled Bricrend.
   But in no other version is the incident coupled with that of a temptation and testing of the hero's honour and chastity, such as meets us here. At first sight one is inclined to assign the episode of the lady of the castle to the class of stories of which the oldest version is preserved in Biblical record--the story of Joseph and Potiphar's wife; a motif not unseldom employed by mediæval writers, and which notably occurs in what we may call the Launfal group of stories. But there are certain points which may make us hesitate as to whether in its first conception the tale was really one of this class.
   It must be noted that here the lady is acting throughout with the knowledge and consent of the husband, an important point of difference. In the second place, it is very doubtful whether her entire attitude was not a ruse. From the Green Knight's words to Gawain when he finally reveals himself, "I wot we shall soon make peace with my wife, who was thy bitter enemy," her conduct hardly seems to have been prompted by real passion.
   In my Studies on the Legend of Sir Gawain, already referred to, I have suggested that the character of the lady here is, perhaps, a reminiscence of that of the Queen of the Magic Castle or Isle, daughter or niece of an enchanter, who at an early stage of Gawain's story was undoubtedly his love. I think it not impossible that she was an integral part of the tale as first told, and her rôle here was determined by that which she originally played. In most versions of the story she has dropped out altogether. It is, of course, possible that, there being but a confused reminiscence of the original tale, her share may have been modified by the influence of the Launfal group; but I should prefer to explain the episode on the whole as a somewhat distorted survival of an original feature.
   But in any case we may be thankful for this, that the author of the most important English metrical romance dealing with Arthurian legend faithfully adheres to the original conception of Gawain's character, as drawn before the monkish lovers of edification laid their ruthless hands on his legend, and turned the model of knightly virtues and courtesy into a mere vulgar libertine.
   Brave, chivalrous, loyally faithful to his plighted word, scrupulously heedful of his own and others' honour, Gawain stands before us in this poem. We take up Malory or Tennyson, and in spite of their charm of style, in spite of the halo of religious mysticism in which they have striven to enwrap their characters, we lay them down with a feeling of dissatisfaction. How did the Gawain of their imagination, this empty-headed, empty-hearted worldling, cruel murderer, and treacherous friend, ever come to be the typical English hero? For such Gawain certainly was, even more than Arthur himself. Then we turn back to these faded pages, and read the quaintly earnest words in which the old writer reveals the hidden meaning of that mystic symbol, the pentangle, and vindicates Gawain's title to claim it as his badge--and we smile, perhaps, but we cease to wonder at the widespread popularity of King Arthur's famous nephew, or at the immense body of romance that claims him as its hero.
   Scholars know all this, of course; they can read the poem for themselves in its original rough and intricate phraseology; perhaps they will be shocked at an attempt to handle it in simpler form. But this little book is not for them, and if to those to whom the tale would otherwise be a sealed treasure these pages bring some new knowledge of the way in which our forefathers looked on the characters of the Arthurian legend, the tales they told of them (unconsciously betraying the while how they themselves lived and thought and spoke)--if by that means they gain a keener appreciation of our national heroes, a wider knowledge of our national literature,--then the spirit of the long-dead poet will doubtless not be the slowest to pardon my handling of what was his masterpiece, as it is, in M. Gaston Paris' words, "The jewel of English mediæval literature."
BOURNEMOUTH, June 1898




Preface to Second Edition
In preparing this Second Edition I have adopted certain suggestions of the late Professor Kölbing, contained in a review published by him in Englische Studien xxvi. In one or two instances, however, I have not felt free to follow his reading--e.g., on page 67, in þrynne syþe must certainly mean "for the third time," not "thrice." The lady has already kissed Gawain twice during the interview; Professor Kölbing's suggestion would make him receive five kisses, instead of three, the correct number. Nor do I think the story would gain anything by reproducing the details of the dissection of animals on page 46. This little series is not intended for scholars, who can study the original works for themselves, but for the general public, and I have therefore avoided any digression from the main thread of the story. In the main, however, I have gladly availed myself of the late Professor's learned criticisms.
BOURNEMOUTH, May 1900.







Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
   After the siege and the assault of Troy, when that burg was destroyed and burnt to ashes, and the traitor tried for his treason, the noble Æneas and his kin sailed forth to become princes and patrons of well-nigh all the Western Isles. Thus Romulus built Rome (and gave to the city his own name, which it bears even to this day); and Ticius turned him to Tuscany; and Langobard raised him up dwellings in Lombardy; and Felix Brutus sailed far over the French flood, and founded the kingdom of Britain, wherein have been war and waste and wonder, and bliss and bale, ofttimes since.
   And in that kingdom of Britain have been wrought more gallant deeds than in any other; but of all British kings Arthur was the most valiant, as I have heard tell, therefore will I set forth a wondrous adventure that fell out in his time. And if ye will listen to me, but for a little while, I will tell it even as it stands in story stiff and strong, fixed in the letter, as it hath long been known in the land.





*****
   King Arthur lay at Camelot upon a Christmas-tide, with many a gallant lord and lovely lady, and all the noble brotherhood of the Round Table. There they held rich revels with gay talk and jest; one while they would ride forth to joust and tourney, and again back to the court to make carols; 2 for there was the feast holden fifteen days with all the mirth that men could devise, song and glee, glorious to hear, in the daytime, and dancing at night. Halls and chambers were crowded with noble guests, the bravest of knights and the loveliest of ladies, and Arthur himself was the comeliest king that ever held a court. For all this fair folk were in their youth, the fairest and most fortunate under heaven, and the king himself of such fame that it were hard now to name so valiant a hero.
   Now the New Year had but newly come in, and on that day a double portion was served on the high table to all the noble guests, and thither came the king with all his knights, when the service in the chapel had been sung to an end. And they greeted each other for the New Year, and gave rich gifts, the one to the other (and they that received them were not wroth, that may ye well believe!), and the maidens laughed and made mirth till it was time to get them to meat. Then they washed and sat them down to the feast in fitting rank and order, and Guinevere the queen, gaily clad, sat on the high daïs. Silken was her seat, with a fair canopy over her head, of rich tapestries of Tars, embroidered, and studded with costly gems; fair she was to look upon, with her shining grey eyes, a fairer woman might no man boast himself of having seen.
   But Arthur would not eat till all were served, so full of joy and gladness was he, even as a child; he liked not either to lie long, or to sit long at meat, so worked upon him his young blood and his wild brain. And another custom he had also, that came of his nobility, that he would never eat upon an high day till he had been advised of some knightly deed, or some strange and marvellous tale, of his ancestors, or of arms, or of other ventures. Or till some stranger knight should seek of him leave to joust with one of the Round Table, that they might set their lives in jeopardy, one against another, as fortune might favour them. Such was the king's custom when he sat in hall at each high feast with his noble knights, therefore on that New Year tide, he abode, fair of face, on the throne, and made much mirth withal.
   Thus the king sat before the high tables, and spake of many things; and there good Sir Gawain was seated by Guinevere the queen, and on her other side sat Agravain, à la dure main; 3 both were the king's sister's sons and full gallant knights. And at the end of the table was Bishop Bawdewyn, and Ywain, King Urien's son, sat at the other side alone. These were worthily served on the daïs, and at the lower tables sat many valiant knights. Then they bare the first course with the blast of trumpets and waving of banners, with the sound of drums and pipes, of song and lute, that many a heart was uplifted at the melody. Many were the dainties, and rare the meats, so great was the plenty they might scarce find room on the board to set on the dishes. Each helped himself as he liked best, and to each two were twelve dishes, with great plenty of beer and wine.
   Now I will say no more of the service, but that ye may know there was no lack, for there drew near a venture that the folk might well have left their labour to gaze upon. As the sound of the music ceased, and the first course had been fitly served, there came in at the hall door one terrible to behold, of stature greater than any on earth; from neck to loin so strong and thickly made, and with limbs so long and so great that he seemed even as a giant. And yet he was but a man, only the mightiest that might mount a steed; broad of chest and shoulders and slender of waist, and all his features of like fashion; but men marvelled much at his colour, for he rode even as a knight, yet was green all over.
   For he was clad all in green, with a straight coat, and a mantle above; all decked and lined with fur was the cloth and the hood that was thrown back from his locks and lay on his shoulders. Hose had he of the same green, and spurs of bright gold with silken fastenings richly worked; and all his vesture was verily green. Around his waist and his saddle were bands with fair stones set upon silken work, 'twere too long to tell of all the trifles that were embroidered thereon--birds and insects in gay gauds of green and gold. All the trappings of his steed were of metal of like enamel, even the stirrups that he stood in stained of the same, and stirrups and saddle-bow alike gleamed and shone with green stones. Even the steed on which he rode was of the same hue, a green horse, great and strong, and hard to hold, with broidered bridle, meet for the rider.
   The knight was thus gaily dressed in green, his hair falling around his shoulders; on his breast hung a beard, as thick and green as a bush, and the beard and the hair of his head were clipped all round above his elbows. The lower part of his sleeves were fastened with clasps in the same wise as a king's mantle. The horse's mane was crisp and plaited with many a knot folded in with gold thread about the fair green, here a twist of the hair, here another of gold. The tail was twined in like manner, and both were bound about with a band of bright green set with many a precious stone; then they were tied aloft in a cunning knot, whereon rang many bells of burnished gold. Such a steed might no other ride, nor had such ever been looked upon in that hall ere that time; and all who saw that knight spake and said that a man might scarce abide his stroke.
   The knight bore no helm nor hauberk, neither gorget nor breast-plate, neither shaft nor buckler to smite nor to shield, but in one hand he had a holly-bough, that is greenest when the groves are bare, and in his other an axe, huge and uncomely, a cruel weapon in fashion, if one would picture it. The head was an ell-yard long, the metal all of green steel and gold, the blade burnished bright, with a broad edge, as well shapen to shear as a sharp razor. The steel was set into a strong staff, all bound round with iron, even to the end, and engraved with green in cunning work. A lace was twined about it, that looped at the head, and all adown the handle it was clasped with tassels on buttons of bright green richly broidered.
   The knight rideth through the entrance of the hall, driving straight to the high daïs, and greeted no man, but looked ever upwards; and the first words he spake were, "Where is the ruler of this folk? I would gladly look upon that hero, and have speech with him." He cast his eyes on the knights, and mustered them up and down, striving ever to see who of them was of most renown.
   Then was there great gazing to behold that chief, for each man marvelled what it might mean that a knight and his steed should have even such a hue as the green grass; and that seemed even greener than green enamel on bright gold. All looked on him as he stood, and drew near unto him wondering greatly what he might be; for many marvels had they seen, but none such as this, and phantasm and faërie did the folk deem it. Therefore were the gallant knights slow to answer, and gazed astounded, and sat stone still in a deep silence through that goodly hall, as if a slumber were fallen upon them. I deem it was not all for doubt, but some for courtesy that they might give ear unto his errand.
   Then Arthur beheld this adventurer before his high daïs, and knightly he greeted him, for fearful was he never. "Sir," he said, "thou art welcome to this place--lord of this hall am I, and men call me Arthur. Light thee down, and tarry awhile, and what thy will is, that shall we learn after."
   "Nay," quoth the stranger, "so help me He that sitteth on high, 'twas not mine errand to tarry any while in this dwelling; but the praise of this thy folk and thy city is lifted up on high, and thy warriors are holden for the best and the most valiant of those who ride mail-clad to the fight. The wisest and the worthiest of this world are they, and well proven in all knightly sports. And here, as I have heard tell, is fairest courtesy, therefore have I come hither as at this time. Ye may be sure by the branch that I bear here that I come in peace, seeking no strife. For had I willed to journey in warlike guise I have at home both hauberk and helm, shield and shining spear, and other weapons to mine hand, but since I seek no war my raiment is that of peace. But if thou be as bold as all men tell thou wilt freely grant me the boon I ask."
   And Arthur answered, "Sir Knight, if thou cravest battle here thou shalt not fail for lack of a foe."
   And the knight answered, "Nay, I ask no fight, in faith here on the benches are but beardless children, were I clad in armour on my steed there is no man here might match me. Therefore I ask in this court but a Christmas jest, for that it is Yule-tide, and New Year, and there are here many fain for sport. If any one in this hall holds himself so hardy, 4 so bold both of blood and brain, as to dare strike me one stroke for another, I will give him as a gift this axe, which is heavy enough, in sooth, to handle as he may list, and I will abide the first blow, unarmed as I sit. If any knight be so bold as to prove my words let him come swiftly to me here, and take this weapon, I quit claim to it, he may keep it as his own, and I will abide his stroke, firm on the floor. Then shalt thou give me the right to deal him another, the respite of a year and a day shall he have. Now haste, and let see whether any here dare say aught."
   Now if the knights had been astounded at the first, yet stiller were they all, high and low, when they had heard his words. The knight on his steed straightened himself in the saddle, and rolled his eyes fiercely round the hall, red they gleamed under his green and bushy brows. He frowned and twisted his beard, waiting to see who should rise, and when none answered he cried aloud in mockery, "What, is this Arthur's hall, and these the knights whose renown hath run through many realms? Where are now your pride and your conquests, your wrath, and anger, and mighty words? Now are the praise and the renown of the Round Table overthrown by one man's speech, since all keep silence for dread ere ever they have seen a blow!"
   With that he laughed so loudly that the blood rushed to the king's fair face for very shame; he waxed wroth, as did all his knights, and sprang to his feet, and drew near to the stranger and said, "Now by heaven foolish is thy asking, and thy folly shall find its fitting answer. I know no man aghast at thy great words. Give me here thine axe and I shall grant thee the boon thou hast asked." Lightly he sprang to him and caught at his hand, and the knight, fierce of aspect, lighted down from his charger.
   Then Arthur took the axe and gripped the haft, and swung it round, ready to strike. And the knight stood before him, taller by the head than any in the hall; he stood, and stroked his beard, and drew down his coat, no more dismayed for the king's threats than if one had brought him a drink of wine.
   Then Gawain, who sat by the queen, leaned forward to the king and spake, "I beseech ye, my lord, let this venture be mine. Would ye but bid me rise from this seat, and stand by your side, so that my liege lady thought it not ill, then would I come to your counsel before this goodly court. For I think it not seemly when such challenges be made in your hall that ye yourself should undertake it, while there are many bold knights who sit beside ye, none are there, methinks, of readier will under heaven, or more valiant in open field. I am the weakest, I wot, and the feeblest of wit, and it will be the less loss of my life if ye seek sooth. For save that ye are mine uncle naught is there in me to praise, no virtue is there in my body save your blood, and since this challenge is such folly that it beseems ye not to take it, and I have asked it from ye first, let it fall to me, and if I bear myself ungallantly then let all this court blame me."
   Then they all spake with one voice that the king should leave this venture and grant it to Gawain.
   Then Arthur commanded the knight to rise, and he rose up quickly and knelt down before the king, and caught hold of the weapon; and the king loosed his hold of it, and lifted up his hand, and gave him his blessing, and bade him be strong both of heart and hand. "Keep thee well, nephew," quoth Arthur, "that thou give him but the one blow, and if thou redest him rightly I trow thou shalt well abide the stroke he may give thee after."
   Gawain stepped to the stranger, axe in hand, and he, never fearing, awaited his coming. Then the Green Knight spake to Sir Gawain, "Make we our covenant ere we go further. First, I ask thee, knight, what is thy name? Tell me truly, that I may know thee."
   "In faith," quoth the good knight, "Gawain am I, who give thee this buffet, let what may come of it; and at this time twelvemonth will I take another at thine hand with whatsoever weapon thou wilt, and none other."
   Then the other answered again, "Sir Gawain, so may I thrive as I am fain to take this buffet at thine hand," and he quoth further, "Sir Gawain, it liketh me well that I shall take at thy fist that which I have asked here, and thou hast readily and truly rehearsed all the covenant that I asked of the king, save that thou shalt swear me, by thy troth, to seek me thyself wherever thou hopest that I may be found, and win thee such reward as thou dealest me to-day, before this folk."
   "Where shall I seek thee?" quoth Gawain. "Where is thy place? By Him that made me, I wot never where thou dwellest, nor know I thee, knight, thy court, nor thy name. But teach me truly all that pertaineth thereto, and tell me thy name, and I shall use all my wit to win my way thither, and that I swear thee for sooth, and by my sure troth."
   "That is enough in the New Year, it needs no more," quoth the Green Knight to the gallant Gawain, "if I tell thee truly when I have taken the blow, and thou hast smitten me; then will I teach thee of my house and home, and mine own name, then mayest thou ask thy road and keep covenant. And if I waste no words then farest thou the better, for thou canst dwell in thy land, and seek no further. But take now thy toll, and let see how thy strikest."
   "Gladly will I," quoth Gawain, handling his axe.
   Then the Green Knight swiftly made him ready, he bowed down his head, and laid his long locks on the crown that his bare neck might be seen. Gawain gripped his axe and raised it on high, the left foot he set forward on the floor, and let the blow fall lightly on the bare neck. The sharp edge of the blade sundered the bones, smote through the neck, and clave it in two, so that the edge of the steel bit on the ground, and the fair head fell to the earth that many struck it with their feet as it rolled forth. The blood spurted forth, and glistened on the green raiment, but the knight neither faltered nor fell; he started forward with out-stretched hand, and caught the head, and lifted it up; then he turned to his steed, and took hold of the bride, set his foot in the stirrup, and mounted. His head he held by the hair, in his hand. Then he seated himself in his saddle as if naught ailed him, and he were not headless. He turned his steed about, the grim corpse bleeding freely the while, and they who looked upon him doubted them much for the covenant.
   For he held up the head in his hand, and turned the face towards them that sat on the high daïs, and it lifted up the eyelids and looked upon them and spake as ye shall hear. "Look, Gawain, that thou art ready to go as thou hast promised, and seek leally till thou find me, even as thou hast sworn in this hall in the hearing of these knights. Come thou, I charge thee, to the Green Chapel, such a stroke as thou hast dealt thou hast deserved, and it shall be promptly paid thee on New Year's morn. Many men know me as the knight of the Green Chapel, and if thou askest, thou shalt not fail to find me. Therefore it behoves thee to come, or to yield thee as recreant."
   With that he turned his bridle, and galloped out at the hall door, his head in his hands, so that the sparks flew from beneath his horse's hoofs. Whither he went none knew, no more than they wist whence he had come; and the king and Gawain they gazed and laughed, for in sooth this had proved a greater marvel than any they had known aforetime.
   Though Arthur the king was astonished at his heart, yet he let no sign of it be seen, but spake in courteous wise to the fair queen: "Dear lady, be not dismayed, such craft is well suited to Christmas-tide when we seek jesting, laughter and song, and fair carols of knights and ladies. But now I may well get me to meat, for I have seen a marvel I may not forget." Then he looked on Sir Gawain, and said gaily, "Now, fair nephew, hang up thine axe, since it has hewn enough," and they hung it on the dossal above the daïs, where all men might look on it for a marvel, and by its true token tell of the wonder. Then the twain sat them down together, the king and the good knight, and men served them with a double portion, as was the share of the noblest, with all manner of meat and of minstrelsy. And they spent that day in gladness, but Sir Gawain must well bethink him of the heavy venture to which he had set his hand.




*****
   This beginning of adventures had Arthur at the New Year; for he yearned to hear gallant tales, though his words were few when he sat at the feast. But now had they stern work on hand. Gawain was glad to begin the jest in the hall, but ye need have no marvel if the end be heavy. For though a man be merry in mind when he has well drunk, yet a year runs full swiftly, and the beginning but rarely matches the end.
   For Yule was now over-past5, and the year after, each season in its turn following the other. For after Christmas comes crabbed Lent, that will have fish for flesh and simpler cheer. But then the weather of the world chides with winter; the cold withdraws itself, the clouds uplift, and the rain falls in warm showers on the fair plains. Then the flowers come forth, meadows and grove are clad in green, the birds make ready to build, and sing sweetly for solace of the soft summer that follows thereafter. The blossoms bud and blow in the hedgerows rich and rank, and noble notes enough are heard in the fair woods.
   After the season of summer, with the soft winds, when zephyr breathes lightly on seeds and herbs, joyous indeed is the growth that waxes thereout when the dew drips from the leaves beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. But then comes harvest and hardens the grain, warning it to wax ripe ere the winter. The drought drives the dust on high, flying over the face of the land; the angry wind of the welkin wrestles with the sun; the leaves fall from the trees and light upon the ground, and all brown are the groves that but now were green, and ripe is the fruit that once was flower. So the year passes into many yesterdays, and winter comes again, as it needs no sage to tell us.
   When the Michaelmas moon was come in with warnings of winter, Sir Gawain bethought him full oft of his perilous journey. Yet till All Hallows Day he lingered with Arthur, and on that day they made a great feast for the hero's sake, with much revel and richness of the Round Table. Courteous knights and comely ladies, all were in sorrow for the love of that knight, and though they spake no word of it, many were joyless for his sake.
   And after meat, sadly Sir Gawain turned to his uncle, and spake of his journey, and said, "Liege lord of my life, leave from you I crave. Ye know well how the matter stands without more words, to-morrow am I bound to set forth in search of the Green Knight."
   Then came together all the noblest knights, Ywain and Erec, and many another. Sir Dodinel le Sauvage, the Duke of Clarence, Launcelot and Lionel, and Lucan the Good, Sir Bors and Sir Bedivere, valiant knights both, and many another hero, with Sir Mador de la Porte, and they all drew near, heavy at heart, to take counsel with Sir Gawain. Much sorrow and weeping was there in the hall to think that so worthy a knight as Gawain should wend his way to seek a deadly blow, and should no more wield his sword in fight. But the knight made ever good cheer, and said, "Nay, wherefore should I shrink? What may a man do but prove his fate?"
   He dwelt there all that day, and on the morn he arose and asked betimes for his armour; and they brought it unto him on this wise: first, a rich carpet was stretched on the floor6 (and brightly did the gold gear glitter upon it), then the knight stepped on to it, and handled the steel; clad he was in a doublet of silk, with a close hood, lined fairly throughout. Then they set the steel shoes upon his feet, and wrapped his legs with greaves, with polished knee-caps, fastened with knots of gold. Then they cased his thighs in cuisses closed with thongs, and brought him the byrny of bright steel rings sewn upon a fair stuff. Well burnished braces they set on each arm with good elbow-pieces, and gloves of mail, and all the goodly gear that should shield him in his need. And they cast over all a rich surcoat, and set the golden spurs on his heels, and girt him with a trusty sword fastened with a silken bawdrick. When he was thus clad his harness was costly, for the least loop or latchet gleamed with gold. So armed as he was he hearkened Mass and made his offering at the high altar. Then he came to the king, and the knights of his court, and courteously took leave of lords and ladies, and they kissed him, and commended him to Christ.
   With that was Gringalet ready, girt with a saddle that gleamed gaily with many golden fringes, enriched and decked anew for the venture. The bridle was all barred about with bright gold buttons, and all the covertures and trappings of the steed, the crupper and the rich skirts, accorded with the saddle; spread fair with the rich red gold that glittered and gleamed in the rays of the sun.
   Then the knight called for his helmet, which was well lined throughout, and set it high on his head, and hasped it behind. He wore a light kerchief over the vintail, that was broidered and studded with fair gems on a broad silken ribbon, with birds of gay colour, and many a turtle and true-lover's knot interlaced thickly, even as many a maiden had wrought diligently for seven winter long. But the circlet which crowned his helmet was yet more precious, being adorned with a device in diamonds. Then they brought him his shield, which was of bright red, with the pentangle painted thereon in gleaming gold.7 And why that noble prince bare the pentangle I am minded to tell you, though my tale tarry thereby. It is a sign that Solomon set ere-while, as betokening truth; for it is a figure with five points and each line overlaps the other, and nowhere hath it beginning or end, so that in English it is called "the endless knot." And therefore was it well suiting to this knight and to his arms, since Gawain was faithful in five and five-fold, for pure was he as gold, void of all villainy and endowed with all virtues. Therefore he bare the pentangle on shield and surcoat as truest of heroes and gentlest of knights.
   For first he was faultless in his five senses; and his five fingers never failed him; and all his trust upon earth was in the five wounds that Christ bare on the cross, as the Creed tells. And wherever this knight found himself in stress of battle he deemed well that he drew his strength from the five joys which the Queen of Heaven had of her Child. And for this cause did he bear an image of Our Lady on the one half of his shield, that whenever he looked upon it he might not lack for aid. And the fifth five that the hero used were frankness and fellowship above all, purity and courtesy that never failed him, and compassion that surpasses all; and in these five virtues was that hero wrapped and clothed. And all these, five-fold, were linked one in the other, so that they had no end, and were fixed on five points that never failed, neither at any side were they joined or sundered, nor could ye find beginning or end. And therefore on his shield was the knot shapen, red-gold upon red, which is the pure pentangle. Now was Sir Gawain ready, and he took his lance in hand, and bade them all Farewell, he deemed it had been for ever.
   Then he smote the steed with his spurs, and sprang on his way, so that sparks flew from the stones after him. All that saw him were grieved at heart, and said one to the other, "By Christ, 'tis great pity that one of such noble life should be lost! I'faith, 'twere not easy to find his equal upon earth. The king had done better to have wrought more warily. Yonder knight should have been made a duke; a gallant leader of men is he, and such a fate had beseemed him better than to be hewn in pieces at the will of an elfish man, for mere pride. Who ever knew a king to take such counsel as to risk his knights on a Christmas jest?" Many were the tears that flowed from their eyes when that goodly knight rode from the hall. He made no delaying, but went his way swiftly, and rode many a wild road, as I heard say in the book.
   So rode Sir Gawain through the realm of Logres, on an errand that he held for no jest. Often he lay companionless at night, and must lack the fare that he liked. No comrade had he save his steed, and none save God with whom to take counsel. At length he drew nigh to North Wales, and left the isles of Anglesey on his left hand, crossing over the fords by the foreland over at Holyhead, till he came into the wilderness of Wirral8, where but few dwell who love God and man of true heart. And ever he asked, as he fared, of all whom he met, if they had heard any tidings of a Green Knight in the country thereabout, or of a Green Chapel? And all answered him, Nay, never in their lives had they seen any man of such a hue. And the knight wended his way by many a strange road and many a rugged path, and the fashion of his countenance changed full often ere he saw the Green Chapel.
   Many a cliff did he climb in that unknown land, where afar from his friends he rode as a stranger. Never did he come to a stream or a ford but he found a foe before him, and that one so marvellous, so foul and fell, that it behoved him to fight. So many wonders did that knight behold, that it were too long to tell the tenth part of them. Sometimes he fought with dragons and wolves; sometimes with wild men that dwelt in the rocks; another while with bulls, and bears, and wild boars, or with giants of the high moorland that drew near to him. Had he not been a doughty knight, enduring, and of well-proved valour, and a servant of God, doubtless he had been slain, for he was oft in danger of death. Yet he cared not so much for the strife, what he deemed worse was when the cold clear water was shed from the clouds, and froze ere it fell on the fallow ground. More nights than enough he slept in his harness on the bare rocks, near slain with the sleet, while the stream leapt bubbling from the crest of the hills, and hung in hard icicles over his head.
   Thus in peril and pain, and many a hardship, the knight rode alone till Christmas Eve, and in that tide he made his prayer to the Blessed Virgin that she would guide his steps and lead him to some dwelling. On that morning he rode by a hill, and came into a thick forest, wild and drear; on each side were high hills, and thick woods below them of great hoar oaks, a hundred together, of hazel and hawthorn with their trailing boughs intertwined, and rough ragged moss spreading everywhere. On the bare twigs the birds chirped piteously, for pain of the cold. The knight upon Gringalet rode lonely beneath them, through marsh and mire, much troubled at heart lest he should fail to see the service of the Lord, who on that self-same night was born of a maiden for the cure of our grief; and therefore he said, sighing, "I beseech Thee, Lord, and Mary Thy gentle Mother, for some shelter where I may hear Mass, and Thy mattins at morn. This I ask meekly, and thereto I pray my Paternoster, Ave, and Credo." Thus he rode praying, and lamenting his misdeeds, and he crossed himself, and said, "May the Cross of Christ speed me."
   Now that knight had crossed himself but thrice ere he was aware in the wood of a dwelling within a moat, above a lawn, on a mound surrounded by many mighty trees that stood round the moat. 'Twas the fairest castle that ever a knight owned9; built in a meadow with a park all about it, and a spiked palisade, closely driven, that enclosed the trees for more than two miles. The knight was ware of the hold from the side, as it shone through the oaks. Then he lifted off his helmet, and thanked Christ and S. Julian that they had courteously granted his prayer, and hearkened to his cry. "Now," quoth the knight, "I beseech ye, grant me fair hostel." Then he pricked Gringalet with his golden spurs, and rode gaily towards the great gate, and came swiftly to the bridge end.
   The bridge was drawn up and the gates close shut; the walls were strong and thick, so that they might fear no tempest. The knight on his charger abode on the bank of the deep double ditch that surrounded the castle. The walls were set deep in the water, and rose aloft to a wondrous height; they were of hard hewn stone up to the corbels, which were adorned beneath the battlements with fair carvings, and turrets set in between with many a loophole; a better barbican Sir Gawain had never looked upon. And within he beheld the high hall, with its tower and many windows with carven cornices, and chalk-white chimneys on the turreted roofs that shone fair in the sun. And everywhere, thickly scattered on the castle battlements, were pinnacles, so many that it seemed as if it were all wrought out of paper, so white was it.
   The knight on his steed deemed it fair enough, if he might come to be sheltered within it to lodge there while that the Holy-day lasted. He called aloud, and soon there came a porter of kindly countenance, who stood on the wall and greeted this knight and asked his errand.
   "Good sir," quoth Gawain, "wilt thou go mine errand to the high lord of the castle, and crave for me lodging?"
   "Yea, by S. Peter," quoth the porter. "In sooth I trow that ye be welcome to dwell here so long as it may like ye."
   Then he went, and came again swiftly, and many folk with him to receive the knight. They let down the great drawbridge, and came forth and knelt on their knees on the cold earth to give him worthy welcome. They held wide open the great gates, and courteously he bid them rise, and rode over the bridge. Then men came to him and held his stirrup while he dismounted, and took and stabled his steed. There came down knights and squires to bring the guest with joy to the hall. When he raised his helmet there were many to take it from his hand, fain to serve him, and they took from him sword and shield.
   Sir Gawain gave good greeting to the noble and the mighty men who came to do him honour. Clad in his shining armour they led him to the hall, where a great fire burnt brightly on the floor; and the lord of the household came forth from his chamber to meet the hero fitly. He spake to the knight, and said: "Ye are welcome to do here as it likes ye. All that is here is your own to have at your will and disposal."
   "Gramercy!" quote Gawain, "may Christ requite ye."
   As friends that were fain each embraced the other; and Gawain looked on the knight who greeted him so kindly, and thought 'twas a bold warrior that owned that burg.
   Of mighty stature he was, and of high age; broad and flowing was his beard, and of a bright hue. He was stalwart of limb, and strong in his stride, his face fiery red, and his speech free: in sooth he seemed one well fitted to be a leader of valiant men.
   Then the lord led Sir Gawain to a chamber, and commanded folk to wait upon him, and at his bidding there came men enough who brought the guest to a fair bower. The bedding was noble, with curtains of pure silk wrought with gold, and wondrous coverings of fair cloth all embroidered. The curtains ran on ropes with rings of red gold, and the walls were hung with carpets of Orient, and the same spread on the floor. There with mirthful speeches they took from the guest his byrny and all his shining armour, and brought him rich robes of the choicest in its stead. They were long and flowing, and became him well, and when he was clad in them all who looked on the hero thought that surely God had never made a fairer knight: he seemed as if he might be a prince without peer in the field where men strive in battle.
   Then before the hearth-place, whereon the fire burned, they made ready a chair for Gawain, hung about with cloth and fair cushions; and there they cast around him a mantle of brown samite, richly embroidered and furred within with costly skins of ermine, with a hood of the same, and he seated himself in that rich seat, and warmed himself at the fire, and was cheered at heart. And while he sat thus the serving men set up a table on trestles, and covered it with a fair white cloth, and set thereon salt-cellar, and napkin, and silver spoons; and the knight washed at his will, and set him down to meat.
   The folk served him courteously with many dishes seasoned of the best, a double portion. All kinds of fish were there, some baked in bread, some broiled on the embers, some sodden, some stewed and savoured with spices, with all sorts of cunning devices to his taste. And often he called it a feast, when they spake gaily to him all together, and said, "Now take ye this penance, and it shall be for your amendment." Much mirth thereof did Sir Gawain make.
   Then they questioned that prince courteously of whence he came; and he told them that he was of the court of Arthur, who is the rich royal King of the Round Table, and that it was Gawain himself who was within their walls, and would keep Christmas with them, as the chance had fallen out. And when the lord of the castle heard those tidings he laughed aloud for gladness, and all men in that keep were joyful that they should be in the company of him to whom belonged all fame, and valour, and courtesy, and whose honour was praised above that of all men on earth. Each said softly to his fellow, "Now shall we see courteous bearing, and the manner of speech befitting courts. What charm lieth in gentle speech shall we learn without asking, since here we have welcomed the fine father of courtesy. God has surely shewn us His grace since He sends us such a guest as Gawain! When men shall sit and sing, blithe for Christ's birth, this knight shall bring us to the knowledge of fair manners, and it may be that hearing him we may learn the cunning speech of love."
   By the time the knight had risen from dinner it was near nightfall. Then chaplains took their way to the chapel, and rang loudly, even as they should, for the solemn evensong of the high feast. Thither went the lord, and the lady also, and entered with her maidens into a comely closet, and thither also went Gawain. Then the lord took him by the sleeve and led him to a seat, and called him by his name, and told him he was of all men in the world the most welcome. And Sir Gawain thanked him truly, and each kissed the other, and they sat gravely together throughout the service.
   Then was the lady fain to look upon that knight; and she came forth from her closet with many fair maidens. The fairest of ladies was she in face, and figure, and colouring, fairer even than Guinevere, so the knight thought. She came through the chancel to greet the hero, another lady held her by the left hand, older than she, and seemingly of high estate, with many nobles about her. But unlike to look upon were those ladies, for if the younger were fair, the elder was yellow. Rich red were the cheeks of the one, rough and wrinkled those of the other; the kerchiefs of the one were broidered with many glistening pearls, her throat and neck bare, and whiter than the snow that lies on the hills; the neck of the other was swathed in a gorget, with a white wimple over her black chin. Her forehead was wrapped in silk with many folds, worked with knots, so that naught of her was seen save her black brows, her eyes, her nose and her lips, and those were bleared, and ill to look upon. A worshipful lady in sooth one might call her! In figure was she short and broad, and thickly made--far fairer to behold was she whom she led by the hand.
   When Gawain beheld that fair lady, who looked at him graciously, with leave of the lord he went towards them, and, bowing low, he greeted the elder, but the younger and fairer he took lightly in his arms, and kissed her courteously, and greeted her in knightly wise. Then she hailed him as friend, and he quickly prayed to be counted as her servant, if she so willed. Then they took him between them, and talking, led him to the chamber, to the hearth, and bade them bring spices, and they brought them in plenty with the good wine that was wont to be drunk at such seasons. Then the lord sprang to his feet and bade them make merry, and took off his hood, and hung it on a spear, and bade him win the worship thereof who should make most mirth that Christmas-tide. "And I shall try, by my faith, to fool it with the best, by the help of my friends, ere I lose my raiment." Thus with gay words the lord made trial to gladden Gawain with jests that night, till it was time to bid them light the tapers, and Sir Gawain took leave of them and gat him to rest.
   In the morn when all men call to mind how Christ our Lord was born on earth to die for us, there is joy, for His sake, in all dwellings of the world; and so was there here on that day. For high feast was held, with many dainties and cunningly cooked messes. On the daïs sat gallant men, clad in their best. The ancient dame sat on the high seat, with the lord of the castle beside her. Gawain and the fair lady sat together, even in the midst of the board, when the feast was served; and so throughout all the hall each sat in his degree, and was served in order. There was meat, there was mirth, there was much joy, so that to tell thereof would take me too long, though peradventure I might strive to declare it. But Gawain and that fair lady had much joy of each other's company through her sweet words and courteous converse. And there was music made before each prince, trumpets and drums, and merry piping; each man hearkened his minstrel, and they too hearkened theirs.
   So they held high feast that day and the next, and the third day thereafter, and the joy on S. John's Day was fair to hearken, for 'twas the last of the feast and the guests would depart in the grey of the morning. Therefore they awoke early, and drank wine, and danced fair carols, and at last, when it was late, each man took his leave to wend early on his way. Gawain would bid his host farewell, but the lord took him by the hand, and led him to his own chamber beside the hearth, and there he thanked him for the favour he had shown him in honouring his dwelling at that high season, and gladdening his castle with his fair countenance. "I wis, sir, that while I live I shall be held the worthier that Gawain has been my guest at God's own feast."
   "Gramercy, sir," quoth Gawain, "in good faith, all the honour is yours, may the High King give it you, and I am but at your will to work your behest, inasmuch as I am beholden to you in great and small by rights."
   Then the lord did his best to persuade the knight to tarry with him, but Gawain answered that he might in no wise do so. Then the host asked him courteously what stern behest had driven him at the holy season from the king's court, to fare all alone, ere yet the feast was ended?
   "Forsooth," quoth the knight, "ye say but the truth: 'tis a high quest and a pressing that hath brought me afield, for I am summoned myself to a certain place, and I know not whither in the world I may wend to find it; so help me Christ, I would give all the kingdom of Logres an I might find it by New Year's morn. Therefore, sir, I make request of you that ye tell me truly if ye ever heard word of the Green Chapel, where it may be found, and the Green Knight that keeps it. For I am pledged by solemn compact sworn between us to meet that knight at the New Year if so I were on life; and of that same New Year it wants but little--I'faith, I would look on that hero more joyfully than on any other fair sight! Therefore, by your will, it behoves me to leave you, for I have but barely three days, and I would as fain fall dead as fail of mine errand."
   Then the lord quoth, laughing, "Now must ye needs stay, for I will show you your goal, the Green Chapel, ere your term be at an end, have ye no fear! But ye can take your ease, friend, in your bed, till the fourth day, and go forth on the first of the year and come to that place at mid-morn to do as ye will. Dwell here till New Year's Day, and then rise and set forth, and ye shall be set in the way; 'tis not two miles hence."
   Then was Gawain glad, and he laughed gaily. "Now I thank you for this above all else. Now my quest is achieved I will dwell here at your will, and otherwise do as ye shall ask."
   Then the lord took him, and set him beside him, and bade the ladies be fetched for their greater pleasure, tho' between themselves they had solace. The lord, for gladness, made merry jest, even as one who wist not what to do for joy; and he cried aloud to the knight, "Ye have promised to do the thing I bid ye: will ye hold to this behest, here, at once?"
   "Yea, forsooth," said that true knight, "while I abide in your burg I am bound by your behest."
   "Ye have travelled from far," said the host, "and since then ye have waked with me, ye are not well refreshed by rest and sleep, as I know. Ye shall therefore abide in your chamber, and lie at your ease tomorrow at Mass-tide, and go to meat when ye will with my wife, who shall sit with you, and comfort you with her company till I return; and I shall rise early and go forth to the chase." And Gawain agreed to all this courteously.
   "Sir knight," quoth the host, "we shall make a covenant. Whatsoever I win in the wood shall be yours, and whatever may fall to your share, that shall ye exchange for it. Let us swear, friend, to make this exchange, however our hap may be, for worse or for better."
   "I grant ye your will," quoth Gawain the good; "if ye list so to do, it liketh me well."
   "Bring hither the wine-cup, the bargain is made," so said the lord of that castle. They laughed each one, and drank of the wine, and made merry, these lords and ladies, as it pleased them. Then with gay talk and merry jest they arose, and stood, and spoke softly, and kissed courteously, and took leave of each other. With burning torches, and many a serving-man, was each led to his couch; yet ere they gat them to bed the old lord oft repeated their covenant, for he knew well how to make sport.




*****
   Full early, ere daylight, the folk rose up; the guests who would depart called their grooms, and they made them ready, and saddled the steeds, tightened up the girths, and trussed up their mails. The knights, all arrayed for riding, leapt up lightly, and took their bridles, and each rode his way as pleased him best.
   The lord of the land was not the last. Ready for the chase, with many of his men, he ate a sop hastily when he had heard Mass, and then with blast of the bugle fared forth to the field.10 He and his nobles were to horse ere daylight glimmered upon the earth.
   Then the huntsmen coupled their hounds, unclosed the kennel door, and called them out. They blew three blasts gaily on the bugles, the hounds bayed fiercely, and they that would go a-hunting checked and chastised them. A hundred hunters there were of the best, so I have heard tell. Then the trackers gat them to the trysting-place and uncoupled the hounds, and forest rang again with their gay blasts.
   At the first sound of the hunt the game quaked for fear, and fled, trembling, along the vale. They betook them to the heights, but the liers in wait turned them back with loud cries; the harts they let pass them, and the stags with their spreading antlers, for the lord had forbidden that they should be slain, but the hinds and the does they turned back, and drave down into the valleys. Then might ye see much shooting of arrows. As the deer fled under the boughs a broad whistling shaft smote and wounded each sorely, so that, wounded and bleeding, they fell dying on the banks. The hounds followed swiftly on their tracks, and hunters, blowing the horn, sped after them with ringing shouts as if the cliffs burst asunder. What game escaped those that shot was run down at the outer ring. Thus were they driven on the hills, and harassed at the waters, so well did the men know their work, and the greyhounds were so great and swift that they ran them down as fast as the hunters could slay them. Thus the lord passed the day in mirth and joyfulness, even to nightfall.
   So the lord roamed the woods, and Gawain, that good night, lay ever a-bed, curtained about, under the costly coverlet, while the daylight gleamed on the walls. And as he lay half slumbering, he heard a little sound at the door, and he raised his head, and caught back a corner of the curtain, and waited to see what it might be. It was the lovely lady, the lord's wife; she shut the door softly behind her, and turned towards the bed; and Gawain was shamed, laid him down softly and made as if he slept. And she came lightly to the bedside, within the curtain, and sat herself down beside him, to wait till he wakened. The knight lay there awhile, and marvelled within himself what her coming might betoken; and he said to himself, "'Twere more seemly if I asked her what hath brought her hither." Then he made feint to waken, and turned towards her, and opened his eyes as one astonished, and crossed himself; and she looked on him laughing, with her cheeks red and white, lovely to behold, and small smiling lips.
   "Good morrow, Sir Gawain," said that fair lady; "ye are but a careless sleeper, since one can enter thus. Now are ye taken unawares, and lest ye escape me I shall bind you in your bed; of that be ye assured!" Laughing, she spake these words.
   "Good morrow, fair lady," quoth Gawain blithely. "I will do your will, as it likes me well. For I yield me readily, and pray your grace, and that is best, by my faith, since I needs must do so." Thus he jested again, laughing. "But an ye would, fair lady, grant me this grace that ye pray your prisoner to rise. I would get me from bed, and array me better, then could I talk with ye in more comfort."
   "Nay, forsooth, fair sir," quoth the lady, "ye shall not rise, I will rede ye better. I shall keep ye here, since ye can do no other, and talk with my knight whom I have captured. For I know well that ye are Sir Gawain, whom all the world worships, wheresoever ye may ride. Your honour and your courtesy are praised by lords and ladies, by all who live. Now ye are here and we are alone, my lord and his men are afield; the serving men in their beds, and my maidens also, and the door shut upon us. And since in this hour I have him that all men love, I shall use my time well with speech, while it lasts. Ye are welcome to my company, for it behoves me in sooth to be your servant."
   "In good faith," quoth Gawain, "I think me that I am not him of whom ye speak, for unworthy am I of such service as ye here proffer. In sooth, I were glad if I might set myself by word or service to your pleasure; a pure joy would it be to me!"
   "In good faith, Sir Gawain," quoth the gay lady, "the praise and the prowess that pleases all ladies I lack them not, nor hold them light; yet are there ladies enough who would liever now have the knight in their hold, as I have ye here, to dally with your courteous words, to bring them comfort and to ease their cares, than much of the treasure and the gold that are theirs. And now, through the grace of Him who upholds the heavens, I have wholly in my power that which they all desire!"
   Thus the lady, fair to look upon, made him great cheer, and Sir Gawain, with modest words, answered her again: "Madam," he quoth, "may Mary requite ye, for in good faith I have found in ye a noble frankness. Much courtesy have other folk shown me, but the honour they have done me is naught to the worship of yourself, who knoweth but good."
   "By Mary," quoth the lady, "I think otherwise; for were I worth all the women alive, and had I the wealth of the world in my hand, and might choose me a lord to my liking, then, for all that I have seen in ye, Sir Knight, of beauty and courtesy and blithe semblance, and for all that I have hearkened and hold for true, there should be no knight on earth to be chosen before ye!"
   "Well I wot," quoth Sir Gawain, "that ye have chosen a better; but I am proud that ye should so prize me, and as your servant do I hold ye my sovereign, and your knight am I, and may Christ reward ye."
   So they talked of many matters till mid-morn was past, and ever the lady made as though she loved him, and the knight turned her speech aside. For though she were the brightest of maidens, yet had he forborne to shew her love for the danger that awaited him, and the blow that must be given without delay.
   Then the lady prayed her leave from him, and he granted it readily. And she gave [the text reads "have"] him good-day, with laughing glance, but he must needs marvel at her words:
   "Now He that speeds fair speech reward ye this disport; but that ye be Gawain my mind misdoubts me greatly."
   "Wherefore?" quoth the knight quickly, fearing lest he had lacked in some courtesy.
   And the lady spake: "So true a knight as Gawain is holden, and one so perfect in courtesy, would never have tarried so long with a lady but he would of his courtesy have craved a kiss at parting."
   Then quoth Gawain, "I wot I will do even as it may please ye, and kiss at your commandment, as a true knight should who forbears to ask for fear of displeasure."
   At that she came near and bent down and kissed the knight, and each commended the other to Christ, and she went forth from the chamber softly.
   Then Sir Gawain arose and called his chamberlain and chose his garments, and when he was ready he gat him forth to Mass, and then went to meat, and made merry all day till the rising of the moon, and never had a knight fairer lodging than had he with those two noble ladies, the elder and the younger.
   And even the lord of the land chased the hinds through holt and heath till eventide, and then with much blowing of bugles and baying of hounds they bore the game homeward; and by the time daylight was done all the folk had returned to that fair castle. And when the lord and Sir Gawain met together, then were they both well pleased. The lord commanded them all to assemble in the great hall, and the ladies to descend with their maidens, and there, before them all, he bade the men fetch in the spoil of the day's hunting, and he called unto Gawain, and counted the tale of the beasts, and showed them unto him, and said, "What think ye of this game, Sir Knight? Have I deserved of ye thanks for my woodcraft?"
   "Yea, I wis," quoth the other, "here is the fairest spoil I have seen this seven year in the winter season."
   "And all this do I give ye, Gawain," quoth the host, "for by accord of covenant ye may claim it as your own."
   "That is sooth," quoth the other, "I grant you that same; and I have fairly won this within walls, and with as good will do I yield it to ye." With that he clasped his hands round the lord's neck and kissed him as courteously as he might. "Take ye here my spoils, no more have I won; ye should have it freely, though it were greater than this."
   "'Tis good," said the host, "gramercy thereof. Yet were I fain to know where ye won this same favour, and if it were by your own wit?"
   "Nay," answered Gawain, "that was not in the bond. Ask me no more: ye have taken what was yours by right, be content with that."
   They laughed and jested together, and sat them down to supper, where they were served with many dainties; and after supper they sat by the hearth, and wine was served out to them; and oft in their jesting they promised to observe on the morrow the same covenant that they had made before, and whatever chance might betide to exchange their spoil, be it much or little, when they met at night. Thus they renewed their bargain before the whole court, and then the night-drink was served, and each courteously took leave of the other and gat him to bed.
   By the time the cock had crowed thrice the lord of the castle had left his bed; Mass was sung and meat fitly served. The folk were forth to the wood ere the day broke, with hound and horn they rode over the plain, and uncoupled their dogs among the thorns. Soon they struck on the scent, and the hunt cheered on the hounds who were first to seize it, urging them with shouts. The others hastened to the cry, forty at once, and there rose such a clamour from the pack that the rocks rang again. The huntsmen spurred them on with shouting and blasts of the horn; and the hounds drew together to a thicket betwixt the water and a high crag in the cliff beneath the hillside. There where the rough rock fell ruggedly they, the huntsmen, fared to the finding, and cast about round the hill and the thicket behind them. The knights wist well what beast was within, and would drive him forth with the bloodhounds. And as they beat the bushes, suddenly over the beaters there rushed forth a wondrous great and fierce boar, long since had he left the herd to roam by himself. Grunting, he cast many to the ground, and fled forth at his best speed, without more mischief. The men hallooed loudly and cried, "Hay! Hay!" and blew the horns to urge on the hounds, and rode swiftly after the boar. Many a time did he turn to bay and tare the hounds, and they yelped, and howled shrilly. Then the men made ready their arrows and shot at him, but the points were turned on his thick hide, and the barbs would not bite upon him, for the shafts shivered in pieces, and the head but leapt again wherever it hit.
   But when the boar felt the stroke of the arrows he waxed mad with rage, and turned on the hunters and tare many, so that, affrightened, they fled before him. But the lord on a swift steed pursued him, blowing his bugle; as a gallant knight he rode through the woodland chasing the boar till the sun grew low.
   So did the hunters this day, while Sir Gawain lay in his bed lapped in rich gear; and the lady forgat not to salute him, for early was she at his side, to cheer his mood.
   She came to the bedside and looked on the knight, and Gawain gave her fit greeting, and she greeted him again with ready words, and sat her by his side and laughed, and with a sweet look she spoke to him:
   "Sir, if ye be Gawain, I think it a wonder that ye be so stern and cold, and care not for the courtesies of friendship, but if one teach ye to know them ye cast the lesson out of your mind. Ye have soon forgotten what I taught ye yesterday, by all the truest tokens that I knew!"
   "What is that?" quoth the knight. "I trow I know not. If it be sooth that ye say, then is the blame mine own."
   "But I taught ye of kissing, " quoth the fair lady. "Wherever a fair countenance is shown him, it behoves a courteous knight quickly to claim a kiss."
   "Nay, my dear," said Sir Gawain, "cease that speech; that durst I not do lest I were denied, for if I were forbidden I wot I were wrong did I further entreat."
   "I' faith," quoth the lady merrily, "ye may not be forbid, ye are strong enough to constrain by strength an ye will, were any so discourteous as to give ye denial."
   "Yea, by Heaven," said Gawain, "ye speak well; but threats profit little in the land where I dwell, and so with a gift that is given not of good will! I am at your commandment to kiss when ye like, to take or to leave as ye list."
   Then the lady bent her down and kissed him courteously.
   And as they spake together she said, "I would learn somewhat from ye, an ye would not be wroth, for young ye bare and fair, and so courteous and knightly as ye are known to be, the head of all chivalry, and versed in all wisdom of love and war--'tis ever told of true knights how they adventured their lives for their true love, and endured hardships for her favours, and avenged her with valour, and eased her sorrows, and brought joy to her bower; and ye are the fairest knight of your time, and your fame and your honour are everywhere, yet I have sat by ye here twice, and never a word have I heard of love! Ye who are so courteous and skilled in such love ought surely to teach one so young and unskilled some little craft of true love! Why are ye so unlearned who art otherwise so famous? Or is it that ye deemed me unworthy to hearken to your teaching? For shame, Sir Knight! I come hither alone and sit at your side to learn of ye some skill; teach me of your wit, while my lord is from home."
   "In good faith," quoth Gawain, "great is my joy and my profit that so fair a lady as ye are should deign to come hither, and trouble ye with so poor a man, and make sport with your knight with kindly countenance, it pleaseth me much. But that I, in my turn, should take it upon me to tell of love and such like matters to ye who know more by half, or a hundred fold, of such craft than I do, or ever shall in all my lifetime, by my troth 'twere folly indeed! I will work your will to the best of my might as I am bounden, and evermore will I be your servant, so help me Christ!"
   Then often with guile she questioned that knight that she might win him to woo her, but he defended himself so fairly that none might in any wise blame him, and naught but bliss and harmless jesting was there between them. They laughed and talked together till at last she kissed him, and craved her leave of him, and went her way.
   Then the knight arose and went forth to Mass, and afterward dinner was served and he sat and spake with the ladies all day. But the lord of the castle rode ever over the land chasing the wild boar, that fled through the thickets, slaying the best of his hounds and breaking their backs in sunder; till at last he was so weary he might run no longer, but made for a hole in a mound by a rock. He got the mound at his back and faced the hounds, whetting his white tusks and foaming at the mouth. The huntsmen stood aloof, fearing to draw nigh him; so many of them had been already wounded that they were loth to be torn with his tusks, so fierce he was and mad with rage. At length the lord himself came up, and saw the beast at bay, and the men standing aloof. Then quickly he sprang to the ground and drew out a bright blade, and waded through the stream to the boar.
   When the beast was aware of the knight with weapon in hand, he set up his bristles and snorted loudly, and many feared for their lord lest he should be slain. Then the boar leapt upon the knight so that beast and man were one atop of the other in the water; but the boar had the worst of it, for the man had marked, even as he sprang, and set the point of his brand to the beast's chest, and drove it up to the hilt, so that the heart was split in twain, and the boar fell snarling, and was swept down by the water to where a hundred hounds seized on him, and the men drew him to shore for the dogs to slay.
   Then was there loud blowing of horns and baying of hounds, the huntsmen smote off the boar's head, and hung the carcase by the four feet to a stout pole, and so went on their way homewards. The head they bore before the lord himself, who had slain the beast at the ford by force of his strong hand.
   It seemed him o'er long ere he saw Sir Gawain in the hall, and he called, and the guest came to take that which fell to his share. And when he saw Gawain the lord laughed aloud, and bade them call the ladies and the household together, and he showed them the game, and told them the tale, how they hunted the wild boar through the woods, and of his length and breadth and height; and Sir Gawain commended his deeds and praised him for his valour, well proven, for so mighty a beast had he never seen before.
   Then they handled the huge head, and the lord said aloud, "Now, Gawain, this game is your own by sure covenant, as ye right well know."
   "'Tis sooth," quoth the knight, "and as truly will I give ye all I have gained." He took the host round the neck, and kissed him courteously twice. "Now are we quits," he said, "this eventide, of all the covenants that we made since I came hither."
   And the lord answered, "By S. Giles, ye are the best I know; ye will be rich in a short space if ye drive such bargains!"
   Then they set up the tables on trestles, and covered them with fair cloths, and lit waxen tapers on the walls. The knights sat and were served in the hall, and much game and glee was there round the hearth, with many songs, both at supper and after; song of Christmas, and new carols, with all the mirth one may think of. And ever that lovely lady sat by the knight, and with still stolen looks made such feint of pleasing him, that Gawain marvelled much, and was wroth with himself, but he could not for his courtesy return her fair glances, but dealt with her cunningly, however she might strive to wrest the thing.
   When they had tarried in the hall so long as it seemed them good, they turned to the inner chamber and the wide hearthplace, and there they drank wine, and the host proffered to renew the covenant for New Year's Eve; but the knight craved leave to depart on the morrow, for it was nigh to the term when he must fulfil his pledge. But the lord would withhold him from so doing, and prayed him to tarry, and said,
   "As I am a true knight I swear my troth that ye shall come to the Green Chapel to achieve your task on New Year's morn, long before prime. Therefore abide ye in your bed, and I will hunt in this wood, and hold ye to the covenant to exchange with me against all the spoil I may bring hither. For twice have I tried ye, and found ye true, and the morrow shall be the third time and the best. Make we merry now while we may, and think on joy, for misfortune may take a man whensoever it wills."
   Then Gawain granted his request, and they brought them drink, and they gat them with lights to bed.
   Sir Gawain lay and slept softly, but the lord, who was keen on woodcraft, was afoot early. After Mass he and his men ate a morsel, and he asked for his steed; all the knights who should ride with him were already mounted before the hall gates.
   'Twas a fair frosty morning, for the sun rose red in ruddy vapour, and the welkin was clear of clouds. The hunters scattered them by a forest side, and the rocks rang again with the blast of their horns. Some came on the scent of a fox, and a hound gave tongue; the huntsmen shouted, and the pack followed in a crowd on the trail. The fox ran before them, and when they saw him they pursued him with noise and much shouting, and he wound and turned through many a thick grove, often cowering and hearkening in a hedge. At last by a little ditch he leapt out of a spinney, stole away slily by a copse path, and so out of the wood and away from the hounds. But he went, ere he wist, to a chosen tryst, and three started forth on him at once, so he must needs double back, and betake him to the wood again.
   Then was it joyful to hearken to the hounds; when all the pack had met together and had sight of their game they made as loud a din as if all the lofty cliffs had fallen clattering together. The huntsmen shouted and threatened, and followed close upon him so that he might scarce escape, but Reynard was wily, and he turned and doubled upon them, and led the lord and his men over the hills, now on the slopes, now in the vales, while the knight at home slept through the cold morning beneath his costly curtains.
   But the fair lady of the castle rose betimes, and clad herself in a rich mantle that reached even to the ground, left her throat and her fair neck bare, and was bordered and lined with costly furs. On her head she wore no golden circlet, but a network of precious stones, that gleamed and shone through her tresses in clusters of twenty together. Thus she came into the chamber, closed the door after her, and set open a window, and called to him gaily, "Sir Knight, how may ye sleep? The morning is so fair."
   Sir Gawain was deep in slumber, and in his dream he vexed him much for the destiny that should befall him on the morrow, when he should meet the knight at the Green Chapel, and abide his blow; but when the lady spake he heard her, and came to himself, and roused from his dream and answered swiftly. The lady came laughing, and kissed him courteously, and he welcomed her fittingly with a cheerful countenance. He saw her so glorious and gaily dressed, so faultless of features and complexion, that it warmed his heart to look upon her.
   They spake to each other smiling, and all was bliss and good cheer between them. They exchanged fair words, and much happiness was therein, yet was there a gulf between them, and she might win no more of her knight, for that gallant prince watched well his words--he would neither take her love, nor frankly refuse it. He cared for his courtesy, lest he be deemed churlish, and yet more for his honour lest he be traitor to his host. "God forbid," quoth he to himself, "that it should so befall." Thus with courteous words did he set aside all the special speeches that came from her lips.
   Then spake the lady to the knight, "Ye deserve blame if ye hold not that lady who sits beside ye above all else in the world, if ye have not already a love whom ye hold dearer, and like better, and have sworn such firm faith to that lady that ye care not to loose it--and that am I now fain to believe. And now I pray ye straitly that ye tell me that in truth, and hide it not."
   And the knight answered, "By S. John" (and he smiled as he spake) "no such love have I, nor do I think to have yet awhile."
   "That is the worst word I may hear," quoth the lady, "but in sooth I have mine answer; kiss me now courteously, and I will go hence; I can but mourn as a maiden that loves much."
   Sighing, she stooped down and kissed him, and then she rose up and spake as she stood, "Now, dear, at our parting do me this grace: give me some gift, if it were but thy glove, that I may bethink me of my knight, and lessen my mourning."
   "Now, I wis," quoth the knight, "I would that I had here the most precious thing that I possess on earth that I might leave ye as love-token, great or small, for ye have deserved forsooth more reward than I might give ye. But it is not to your honour to have at this time a glove for reward as gift from Gawain, and I am here on a strange errand, and have no man with me, nor mails with goodly things--that mislikes me much, lady, at this time; but each man must fare as he is taken, if for sorrow and ill."
   "Nay, knight highly honoured," quoth that lovesome lady, "though I have naught of yours, yet shall ye have somewhat of mine." With that she reached him a ring of red gold with a sparkling stone therein, that shone even as the sun (wit ye well, it was worth many marks); but the knight refused it, and spake readily,
   "I will take no gift, lady, at this time. I have none to give, and none will I take."
   She prayed him to take it, but he refused her prayer, and sware in sooth that he would not have it.
   The lady was sorely vexed, and said, "If ye refuse my ring as too costly, that ye will not be so highly beholden to me, I will give you my girdle 11 as a lesser gift." With that she loosened a lace that was fastened at her side, knit upon her kirtle under her mantle. It was wrought of green silk, and gold, only braided by the fingers, and that she offered to the knight, and besought him though it were of little worth that he would take it, and he said nay, he would touch neither gold nor gear ere God give him grace to achieve the adventure for which he had come hither. "And therefore, I pray ye, displease ye not, and ask me no longer, for I may not grant it. I am dearly beholden to ye for the favour ye have shown me, and ever, in heat and cold, will I be your true servant."
   "Now," said the lady, "ye refuse this silk, for it is simple in itself, and so it seems, indeed; lo, it is small to look upon and less in cost, but whoso knew the virtue that is knit therein he would, peradventure, value it more highly. For whatever knight is girded with this green lace, while he bears it knotted about him there is no man under heaven can overcome him, for he may not be slain for any magic on earth."
   Then Gawain bethought him, and it came into his heart that this were a jewel for the jeopardy that awaited him when he came to the Green Chapel to seek the return blow--could he so order it that he should escape unslain, 'twere a craft worth trying. Then he bare with her chiding, and let her say her say, and she pressed the girdle on him and prayed him to take it, and he granted her prayer, and she gave it him with good will, and besought him for her sake never to reveal it but to hide it loyally from her lord; and the knight agreed that never should any man know it, save they two alone. He thanked her often and heartily, and she kissed him for the third time.
   Then she took her leave of him, and when she was gone Sir Gawain arose, and clad him in rich attire, and took the girdle, and knotted it round him, and hid it beneath his robes. Then he took his way to the chapel, and sought out a priest privily and prayed him to teach him better how his soul might be saved when he should go hence; and there he shrived him, and showed his misdeeds, both great and small, and besought mercy and craved absolution; and the priest assoiled him, and set him as clean as if Doomsday had been on the morrow. And afterwards Sir Gawain made him merry with the ladies, with carols, and all kinds of joy, as never he did but that one day, even to nightfall; and all the men marvelled at him, and said that never since he came thither had he been so merry.
   Meanwhile the lord of the castle was abroad chasing the fox; awhile he lost him, and as he rode through a spinny he heard the hounds near at hand, and Reynard came creeping through a thick grove, with all the pack at his heels. Then the lord drew out his shining brand, and cast it at the beast, and the fox swerved aside for the sharp edge, and would have doubled back, but a hound was on him ere he might turn, and right before the horse's feet they all fell on him, and worried him fiercely, snarling the while.
   Then the lord leapt from his saddle, and caught the fox from the jaws, and held it aloft over his head, and hallooed loudly, and many brave hounds bayed as they beheld it; and the hunters hied them thither, blowing their horns; all that bare bugles blew them at once, and all the others shouted. 'Twas the merriest meeting that ever men heard, the clamour that was raised at the death of the fox. They rewarded the hounds, stroking them and rubbing their heads, and took Reynard and stripped him of his coat; then blowing their horns, they turned them homewards, for it was nigh nightfall.
   The lord was gladsome at his return, and found a bright fire on the hearth, and the knight beside it, the good Sir Gawain, who was in joyous mood for the pleasure he had had with the ladies. He wore a robe of blue, that reached even to the ground, and a surcoat richly furred, that became him well. A hood like to the surcoat fell on his shoulders, and all alike were done about with fur. He met the host in the midst of the floor, and jesting, he greeted him, and said, "Now shall I be first to fulfil our covenant which we made together when there was no lack of wine." Then he embraced the knight, and kissed him thrice, as solemnly as he might.
   "Of a sooth," quoth the other, "ye have good luck in the matter of this covenant, if ye made a good exchange!"
   "Yea, it matters naught of the exchange," quoth Gawain, "since what I owe is swiftly paid."
   "Marry," said the other, "mine is behind, for I have hunted all this day, and naught have I got but this foul fox-skin, and that is but poor payment for three such kisses as ye have here given me."
   "Enough," quoth Sir Gawain, "I thank ye, by the Rood."
   Then the lord told them of his hunting, and how the fox had been slain.
   With mirth and minstrelsy, and dainties at their will, they made them as merry as a folk well might till 'twas time for them to sever, for at last they must needs betake them to their beds. Then the knight took his leave of the lord, and thanked him fairly.
   "For the fair sojourn that I have had here at this high feast may the High King give ye honour. I give ye myself, as one of your servants, if ye so like; for I must needs, as you know, go hence with the morn, and ye will give me, as ye promised, a guide to show me the way to the Green Chapel, an God will suffer me on New Year's Day to deal the doom of my weird."
   "By my faith," quoth the host, "all that ever I promised, that shall I keep with good will." Then he gave him a servant to set him in the way, and lead him by the downs, that he should have no need to ford the stream, and should fare by the shortest road through the groves; and Gawain thanked the lord for the honour done him. Then he would take leave of the ladies, and courteously he kissed them, and spake, praying them to receive his thanks, and they made like reply; then with many sighs they commended him to Christ, and he departed courteously from that folk. Each man that he met he thanked him for his service and his solace, and the pains he had been at to do his will; and each found it as hard to part from the knight as if he had ever dwelt with him.
   Then they led him with torches to his chamber, and brought him to his bed to rest. That he slept soundly I may not say, for the morrow gave him much to think on. Let him rest awhile, for he was near that which he sought, and if ye will but listen to me I will tell ye how it fared with him thereafter.




*****
   Now the New Year drew nigh, and the night passed, and the day chased the darkness, as is God's will; but wild weather wakened therewith. The clouds cast the cold to the earth, with enough of the north to slay them that lacked clothing. The snow drave smartly, and the whistling wind blew from the heights, and made great drifts in the valleys. The knight, lying in his bed, listened, for though his eyes were shut, he might sleep but little, and hearkened every cock that crew.
   He arose ere the day broke, by the light of a lamp that burned in his chamber, and called to his chamberlain, bidding him bring his armour and saddle his steed. The other gat him up, and fetched his garments, and robed Sir Gawain.
   First he clad him in his clothes to keep off the cold, and then in his harness, which was well and fairly kept. Both hauberk and plates were well burnished, the rings of the rich byrny freed from rust, and all as fresh as at first, so that the knight was fain to thank them. Then he did on each piece, and bade them bring his steed, while he put the fairest raiment on himself; his coat with its fair cognizance, adorned with precious stones upon velvet, with broidered seams, and all furred within with costly skins. And he left not the lace, the lady's gift, that Gawain forgot not, for his own good. When he had girded on his sword he wrapped the gift twice about him, swathed around his waist. The girdle of green silk set gaily and well upon the royal red cloth, rich to behold, but the knight ware it not for pride of the pendants, polished though they were with fair gold that gleamed brightly on the ends, but to save himself from sword and knife, when it behoved him to abide his hurt without question. With that the hero went forth, and thanked that kindly folk full often.
   Then was Gringalet ready, that was great and strong, and had been well cared for and tended in every wise; in fair condition was that proud steed, and fit for a journey. Then Gawain went to him, and looked on his coat, and said by his sooth, "There is a folk in this place that thinketh on honour; much joy may they have, and the lord who maintains them, and may all good betide that lovely lady all her life long. Since they for charity cherish a guest, and hold honour in their hands, may He who holds the heaven on high requite them, and also ye all. And if I might live anywhere on earth, I would give ye full reward, readily, if so I might." Then he set foot in the stirrup and bestrode his steed, and his squire gave him his shield, which he laid on his shoulder. Then he smote Gringalet with his golden spurs, and the steed pranced on the stones and would stand no longer.
   By that his man was mounted, who bare his spear and lance, and Gawain quoth, "I commend this castle to Christ, may He give it ever good fortune." Then the drawbridge was let down, and the broad gates unbarred and opened on both sides; the knight crossed himself, and passed through the gateway, and praised the porter, who knelt before the prince, and gave him good-day, and commended him to God. Thus the knight went on his way with the one man who should guide him to that dread place where he should receive rueful payment.
   The two went by hedges where the boughs were bare, and climbed the cliffs where the cold clings. Naught fell from the heavens, but 'twas ill beneath them; mist brooded over the moor and hung on the mountains; each hill had a cap, a great cloak, of mist. The streams foamed and bubbled between their banks, dashing sparkling on the shores where they shelved downwards. Rugged and dangerous was the way through the woods, till it was time for the sun-rising. Then were they on a high hill; the snow lay white beside them, and the man who rode with Gawain drew rein by his master.
   "Sir," he said, "I have brought ye hither, and now ye are not far from the place that ye have sought so specially. But I will tell ye for sooth, since I know ye well, and ye are such a knight as I well love, would ye follow my counsel ye would fare the better. The place whither ye go is accounted full perilous, for he who liveth in that waste is the worst on earth, for he is strong and fierce, and loveth to deal mighty blows; taller is he than any man on earth, and greater of frame than any four in Arthur's court, or in any other. And this is his custom at the Green Chapel; there may no man pass by that place, however proud his arms, but he does him to death by force of his hand, for he is a discourteous knight, and shews no mercy. Be he churl or chaplain who rides by that chapel, monk or mass priest, or any man else, he thinks it as pleasant to slay them as to pass alive himself. Therefore, I tell ye, as sooth as ye sit in saddle, if ye come there and that knight know it, ye shall be slain, though ye had twenty lives; trow me that truly! He has dwelt here full long and seen many a combat; ye may not defend ye against his blows. Therefore, good Sir Gawain, let the man be, and get ye away some other road; for God's sake seek ye another land, and there may Christ speed ye! And I will hie me home again, and I promise ye further that I will swear by God and the saints, or any other oath ye please, that I will keep counsel faithfully, and never let any wit the tale that ye fled for fear of any man."
   "Gramercy," quoth Gawain, but ill-pleased. "Good fortune be his who wishes me good, and that thou wouldst keep faith with me I will believe; but didst thou keep it never so truly, an I passed here and fled for fear as thou sayest, then were I a coward knight, and might not be held guiltless. So I will to the chapel let chance what may, and talk with that man, even as I may list, whether for weal or for woe as fate may have it. Fierce though he may be in fight, yet God knoweth well how to save His servants."
   "Well," quoth the other, "now that ye have said so much that ye will take your own harm on yourself, and ye be pleased to lose your life, I will neither let nor keep ye. Have here your helm and the spear in your hand, and ride down this same road beside the rock till ye come to the bottom of the valley, and there look a little to the left hand, and ye shall see in that vale the chapel, and the grim man who keeps it. Now fare ye well, noble Gawain; for all the gold on earth I would not go with ye nor bear ye fellowship one step further." With that the man turned his bridle into the wood, smote the horse with his spurs as hard as he could, and galloped off, leaving the knight alone.
   Quoth Gawain, "I will neither greet nor groan, but commend myself to God, and yield me to His will."
   Then the knight spurred Gringalet, and rode adown the path close in by a bank beside a grove. So he rode through the rough thicket, right into the dale, and there he halted, for it seemed him wild enough. No sign of a chapel could he see, but high and burnt banks on either side and rough rugged crags with great stones above. An ill-looking place he thought it.
   Then he drew in his horse and looked around to seek the chapel, but he saw none and thought it strange. Then he saw as it were a mound on a level space of land by a bank beside the stream where it ran swiftly, the water bubbled within as if boiling. The knight turned his steed to the mound, and lighted down and tied the rein to the branch of a linden; and he turned to the mound and walked round it, questioning with himself what it might be. It had a hole at the end and at either side, and was overgrown with clumps of grass, and it was hollow within as an old cave or the crevice of a crag; he knew not what it might be.
   "Ah," quoth Gawain, "can this be the Green Chapel? Here might the devil say his mattins at midnight! Now I wis there is wizardry here. 'Tis an ugly oratory, all overgrown with grass, and 'twould well beseem that fellow in green to say his devotions on devil's wise. Now feel I in five wits, 'tis the foul fiend himself who hath set me this tryst, to destroy me here! This is a chapel of mischance: ill-luck betide it, 'tis the cursedest kirk that ever I came in!"
   Helmet on head and lance in hand, he came up to the rough dwelling, when he heard over the high hill beyond the brook, as it were in a bank, a wondrous fierce noise, that rang in the cliff as if it would cleave asunder. 'Twas as if one ground a scythe on a grindstone, it whirred and whetted like water on a mill-wheel and rushed and rang, terrible to hear.
   "By God," quoth Gawain, "I trow that gear is preparing for the knight who will meet me here. Alas! naught may help me, yet should my life be forfeit, I fear not a jot!" With that he called aloud. "Who waiteth in this place to give me tryst? Now is Gawain come hither: if any man will aught of him let him hasten hither now or never."
   "Stay," quoth one on the bank above his head, "and ye shall speedily have that which I promised ye." Yet for a while the noise of whetting went on ere he appeared, and then he came forth from a cave in the crag with a fell weapon, a Danish axe newly dight, wherewith to deal the blow. An evil head it had, four feet large, no less, sharply ground, and bound to the handle by the lace that gleamed brightly. And the knight himself was all green as before, face and foot, locks and beard, but now he was afoot. When he came to the water he would not wade it, but sprang over with the pole of his axe, and strode boldly over the brent that was white with snow.
   Sir Gawain went to meet him, but he made no low bow. The other said, "Now, fair sir, one may trust thee to keep tryst. Thou art welcome, Gawain, to my place. Thou hast timed thy coming as befits a true man. Thou knowest the covenant set between us: at this time twelve months agone thou didst take that which fell to thee, and I at this New Year will readily requite thee. We are in this valley, verily alone, here are no knights to sever us, do what we will. Have off thy helm from thine head, and have here thy pay; make me no more talking than I did then when thou didst strike off my head with one blow."
   "Nay," quoth Gawain, "by God that gave me life, I shall make no moan whatever befall me, but make thou ready for the blow and I shall stand still and say never a word to thee, do as thou wilt."
   With that he bent his head and shewed his neck all bare, and made as if he had no fear, for he would not be thought a-dread.
   Then the Green Knight made him ready, and grasped his grim weapon to smite Gawain. With all his force he bore it aloft with a mighty feint of slaying him: had it fallen as straight as he aimed he who was ever doughty of deed had been slain by the blow. But Gawain swerved aside as the axe came gliding down to slay him as he stood, and shrank a little with the shoulders, for the sharp iron. The other heaved up the blade and rebuked the prince with many proud words:
   "Thou art not Gawain," he said, "who is held so valiant, that never feared he man by hill or vale, but thou shrinkest for fear ere thou feelest hurt. Such cowardice did I never hear of Gawain! Neither did Iflinch from thy blow, or make strife in King Arthur's hall. My head fell to my feet, and yet I fled not; but thou didst wax faint of heart ere any harm befell. Wherefore must I be deemed the braver knight."
   Quoth Gawain, "I shrank once, but so will I no more, though an my head fall on the stones I cannot replace it. But haste, Sir Knight, by thy faith, and bring me to the point, deal me my destiny, and do it out of hand, for I will stand thee a stroke and move no more till thine axe have hit me--my troth on it."
   "Have at thee, then," quoth the other, and heaved aloft the axe with fierce mien, as if he were mad. He struck at him fiercely but wounded him not, withholding his hand ere it might strike him.
   Gawain abode the stroke, and flinched in no limb, but stood still as a stone or the stump of a tree that is fast rooted in the rocky ground with a hundred roots.
   Then spake gaily the man in green, "So now thou hast thine heart whole it behoves me to smite. Hold aside thy hood that Arthur gave thee, and keep thy neck thus bent lest it cover it again."
   Then Gawain said angrily, "Why talk on thus? Thou dost threaten too long. I hope thy heart misgives thee."
   "For sooth," quoth the other, "so fiercely thou speakest I will no longer let thine errand wait its reward." Then he braced himself to strike, frowning with lips and brow, 'twas no marvel that it pleased but ill him who hoped for no rescue. He lifted the axe lightly and let it fall with the edge of the blade on the bare neck. Though he struck swiftly it hurt him no more than on the one side where it severed the skin. The sharp blade cut into the flesh so that the blood ran over his shoulder to the ground. And when the knight saw the blood staining the snow, he sprang forth, swift-foot, more than a spear's length, seized his helmet and set it on his head, cast his shield over his shoulder, drew out his bright sword, and spake boldly (never since he was born was he half so blithe), "Stop, Sir Knight, bid me no more blows. I have stood a stroke here without flinching, and if thou give me another, I shall requite thee, and give thee as good again. By the covenant made betwixt us in Arthur's hall but one blow falls to me here. Halt, therefore."
   Then the Green Knight drew off from him and leaned on his axe, setting the shaft on the ground, and looked on Gawain as he stood all armed and faced him fearlessly--at heart it pleased him well. Then he spake merrily in a loud voice, and said to the knight, "Bold sir, be not so fierce, no man here hath done thee wrong, nor will do, save by covenant, as we made at Arthur's court. I promised thee a blow and thou hast it--hold thyself well paid! I release thee of all other claims. If I had been so minded I might perchance have given thee a rougher buffet. First I menaced thee with a feigned one, and hurt thee not for the covenant that we made in the first night, and which thou didst hold truly. All the gain didst thou give me as a true man should. The other feint I proffered thee for the morrow: my fair wife kissed thee, and thou didst give me her kisses--for both those days I gave thee two blows without scathe--true man, true return. But the third time thou didst fail, and therefore hadst thou that blow. For 'tis my weed thou wearest, that same woven girdle, my own wife wrought it, that do I wot for sooth. Now know I well thy kisses, and thy conversation, and the wooing of my wife, for 'twas mine own doing. I sent her to try thee, and in sooth I think thou art the most faultless knight that ever trode earth. As a pearl among white peas is of more worth than they, so is Gawain, i' faith, by other knights. But thou didst lack a little, Sir Knight, and wast wanting in loyalty, yet that was for no evil work, nor for wooing neither, but because thou lovedst thy life--therefore I blame thee the less."
   Then the other stood a great while, still sorely angered and vexed within himself; all the blood flew to his face, and he shrank for shame as the Green Knight spake; and the first words he said were, "Cursed be ye, cowardice and covetousness, for in ye is the destruction of virtue." Then he loosed the girdle, and gave it to the knight. "Lo, take there the falsity, may foul befall it! For fear of thy blow cowardice bade me make friends with covetousness and forsake the customs of largess and loyalty, which befit all knights. Now am I faulty and false and have been afeared: from treachery and untruth come sorrow and care. I avow to thee, Sir Knight, that I have ill done; do then thy will. I shall be more wary hereafter."
   Then the other laughed and said gaily, "I wot I am whole of the hurt I had, and thou hast made such free confession of thy misdeeds, and hast so borne the penance of mine axe edge, that I hold thee absolved from that sin, and purged as clean as if thou hadst never sinned since thou wast born. And this girdle that is wrought with gold and green, like my raiment, do I give thee, Sir Gawain, that thou mayest think upon this chance when thou goest forth among princes of renown, and keep this for a token of the adventure of the Green Chapel, as it chanced between chivalrous knights. And thou shalt come again with me to my dwelling and pass the rest of this feast in gladness." Then the lord laid hold of him, and said, "I wot we shall soon make peace with my wife, who was thy bitter enemy."
   "Nay, forsooth," said Sir Gawain, and seized his helmet and took it off swiftly, and thanked the knight: "I have fared ill, may bliss betide thee, and may He who rules all things reward thee swiftly. Commend me to that courteous lady, thy fair wife, and to the other my honoured ladies, who have beguiled their knight with skilful craft. But 'tis no marvel if one be made a fool and brought to sorrow by women's wiles, for so was Adam beguiled by one, and Solomon by many, and Samson all too soon, for Delilah dealt him his doom; and David thereafter was wedded with Bathsheba, which brought him much sorrow--if one might love a woman and believe her not, 'twere great gain! And since all they were beguiled by women, methinks 'tis the less blame to me that I was misled! But as for thy girdle, that will I take with good will, not for gain of the gold, nor for samite, nor silk, nor the costly pendants, neither for weal nor for worship, but in sign of my frailty. I shall look upon it when I ride in renown and remind myself of the fault and faintness of the flesh; and so when pride uplifts me for prowess of arms, the sight of this lace shall humble my heart. But one thing would I pray, if it displease thee not: since thou art lord of yonder land wherein I have dwelt, tell me what thy rightful name may be, and I will ask no more."
   "That will I truly," quoth the other. "Bernlak de Hautdesert am I called in this land. Morgain le Fay dwelleth in mine house 12, and through knowledge of clerkly craft hath she taken many. For long time was she the mistress of Merlin, who knew well all you knights of the court. Morgain the goddess is she called therefore, and there is none so haughty but she can bring him low. She sent me in this guise to yon fair hall to test the truth of the renown that is spread abroad of the valour of the Round Table. She taught me this marvel to betray your wits, to vex Guinevere and fright her to death by the man who spake with his head in his hand at the high table. That is she who is at home, that ancient lady, she is even thine aunt, Arthur's half-sister, the daughter of the Duchess of Tintagel, who afterward married King Uther. Therefore I bid thee, knight, come to thine aunt, and make merry in thine house; my folk love thee, and I wish thee as well as any man on earth, by my faith, for thy true dealing."
   But Sir Gawain said nay, he would in no wise do so; so they embraced and kissed, and commended each other to the Prince of Paradise, and parted right there, on the cold ground. Gawain on his steed rode swiftly to the king's hall, and the Green Knight got him whithersoever he would.
   Sir Gawain who had thus won grace of his life, rode through wild ways on Gringalet; oft he lodged in a house, and oft without, and many adventures did he have and came off victor full often, as at this time I cannot relate in tale. The hurt that he had in his neck was healed, he bare the shining girdle as a baldric bound by his side, and made fast with a knot 'neath his left arm, in token that he was taken in a fault--and thus he came in safety again to the court.
   Then joy awakened in that dwelling when the king knew that the good Sir Gawain was come, for he deemed it gain. King Arthur kissed the knight, and the queen also, and many valiant knights sought to embrace him. They asked him how he had fared, and he told them all that had chanced to him--the adventure of the chapel, the fashion of the knight, the love of the lady--at last of the lace. He showed them the wound in the neck which he won for his disloyalty at the hand of the knight, the blood flew to his face for shame as he told the tale.
   "Lo, lady," he quoth, and handled the lace, "this is the bond of the blame that I bear in my neck, this is the harm and the loss I have suffered, the cowardice and covetousness in which I was caught, the token of my covenant in which I was taken. And I must needs wear it so long as I live, for none may hide his harm, but undone it may not be, for if it hath clung to thee once, it may never be severed."
   Then the king comforted the knight, and the court laughed loudly at the tale, and all made accord that the lords and the ladies who belonged to the Round Table, each hero among them, should wear bound about him a baldric of bright green for the sake of Sir Gawain.13 And to this was agreed all the honour of the Round Table, and he who ware it was honoured the more thereafter, as it is testified in the best book of romance. That in Arthur's days this adventure befell, the book of Brutus bears witness. For since that bold knight came hither first, and the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy, I wis

   Many a venture herebefore
    Hath fallen such as this:
   May He that bare the crown of thorn
    Bring us unto His bliss.

         Amen.

---

NOTES
1. "The Legend of Sir Gawain," Grimm Library, Vol. VII. (Chapter IX. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight).2. Dance accompanied by song. Often mentioned in old romances.3. Agravain, "à la dure main." This characterisation of Gawain's brother seems to indicate that there was a French source at the root of this story. The author distinctly tells us more than once that the tale, as he tells it, was written in a book, M. Gaston Paris thinks that the direct source was an Anglo-Norman poem, now lost.4. If any in this hall holds himself so hardy. This, the main incident of the tale, is apparently of very early date. The oldest version we possess is that found in the Irish tale of the Fled Bricrend (Bricriu's feast) [edited and translated by the Rev. G. Henderson, M.A., Irish Texts Society, vol. ii.], where the hero of the tale is the Irish champion, Cuchulinn. Two mediæval romances, the Mule sans Frein (French) and Diu Krône (German), again attribute it to Gawain; while the continuator of Chrétien de Troye's Conte del Graal gives as hero a certain Carados, whom he represents as Arthur's nephew; and the prosePerceval has Lancelot. So far as the mediæval versions are concerned, the original hero is undoubtedly Gawain; and our poem gives the fullest and most complete form of the story we possess. In the Irish version the magician is a giant, and the abnormal size and stature of the Green Knight is, in all probability, the survival of a primitive feature. His curious colour is a trait found nowhere else. In Diu Krône we are told that the challenger changes shapes in a terrifying manner, but no details are given.5. For Yule was over-past. This passage, descriptive of the flight of the year, should be especially noticed. Combined with the other passages--the description of Gawain's journey, the early morning hunts, the dawning of New Year's Day, and the ride to the Green Chapel--they indicate a knowledge of Nature, and an observant eye for her moods, uncommon among mediæval poets. It is usual enough to find graceful and charming descriptions of spring and early summer--an appreciation of May in especial, when the summer courts were held, is part of the stock-in-trade of mediæval romancers--but a sympathy with the year in all its changes is far rarer, and certainly deserves to be specially reckoned to the credit of this nameless writer.6. First a rich carpet was stretched on the floor. The description of the arming of Gawain is rather more detailed in the original, but some of the minor points are not easy to understand, the identification of sundry of the pieces of armour being doubtful.7. The pentangle painted thereupon in gleaming gold. I do not remember that the pentangle is elsewhere attributed to Gawain. He often bears a red shield; but the blazon varies. Indeed, the heraldic devices borne by Arthur's knights are distractingly chaotic--their legends are older than the science of heraldry, and no one has done for them the good office that the compiler of the Thidrek Saga has rendered to his Teutonic heroes.8. The Wilderness of Wirral. This is in Cheshire. Sir F. Madden suggests that the forest which forms the final stage of Gawain's journey is that of Inglewood, in Cumberland. The geography here is far clearer than is often the case in such descriptions.9. 'Twas the fairest castle that ever a knight owned. Here, again, I have omitted some of the details of the original, the architectural terms lacking identification.10. With blast of the bugle fared forth to the field. The account of each day's hunting contains a number of obsolete terms and details of woodcraft, not given in full. The meaning of some has been lost, and the minute descriptions of skinning and dismembering the game would be distinctly repulsive to the general reader. They are valuable for a student of the history of the English sport, but interfere with the progress of the story. The fact that the author devotes so much space to them seems to indicate that he lived in the country and was keenly interested in field sports. (Gottfried von Strassbourg's Tristancontains a similar and almost more detailed description.)11. I will give [you] my girdle. This magic girdle, which confers invulnerability on its owner, is a noticeable feature of our story. It is found nowhere else in this connection, yet in other romances we find that Gawain possesses a girdle with similar powers (cf., my Legend of Sir Gawain, Chap. IX.). Such a talisman was also owned by Cuchulinn, the Irish hero, who has many points of contact with Gawain. It seems not improbable that this was also an old feature of the story. I have commented, in the Introduction, on the lady's persistent wooing of Gawain, and need not repeat the remarks here. The Celtic Lay of the Great Fool (Amadan Mor) presents some curious points of contact with our story, which may, however, well be noted here. In the Lay the hero is mysteriously deprived of his legs, through the draught from a cup proffered by a Gruagach or magician. He comes to a castle, the lord of which goes out hunting, leaving his wife in the care of the Great Fool, who is to allow no man to enter. He falls asleep, and a young knight arrives and kisses the host's wife. The Great Fool, awaking, refuses to allow the intruder to depart; and, in spite of threats and blandishments, insists on detaining him till the husband returns. Finally, the stranger reveals himself as the host in another shape; he is also the Gruagach, who deprived the hero of his limbs, and the Great Fool's brother. He has only intended to test the Amadon Mor'sfidelity. A curious point in connection with this story is that it possesses a prose opening which shows a marked affinity with the "Perceval" enfances. That the Perceval and Gawain stories early became connected is certain, but what is the precise connection between them and the Celtic Lay is not clear. In its present form the latter is certainly posterior to the Grail romances, but it is quite possible that the matter with which it deals represents a tradition older than the Arthurian story.12. Morgain le Fay, who dwelleth in my house. The enmity between Morgain le Fay and Guinevere, which is here stated to have been the motif of the enchantment, is no invention of the author, but is found in the Merlin, probably the earliest of the Arthurian prose romances. In a later version of our story, a poem, written in ballad form, and contained in the "Percy" MS., Morgain does not appear; her place is taken by an old witch, mother to the lady, but the enchantment is still due to her spells. In this later form the knight bears the curious name of Sir Bredbeddle. That given in our romance, Bernlak de Hautdesert,, seems to point to the original French source of the story. (It is curious that Morgain should here be represented as extremely old, while Arthur is still in his first youth. There is evidently a discrepancy or misunderstanding of the source here.)13. A baldric of bright green, for sake of Sir Gawain. The later version connects this lace with that worn by the knights of the Bath; but this latter was white, not green. The knights wore it on the left shoulder till they had done some gallant deed, or till some noble lady took it off for them.



Middle English Text

[folio 91r]Page  1

Passus I

SIÞEN þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye,

Þe borȝ brittened and brent to brondeȝ and askez,

Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt

Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erthe:

Hit watz Ennias þe athel, and his highe kynde,

Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome

Welneȝe of al þe wele in þe west iles.

Fro riche Romulus to Rome ricchis hym swyþe,

With gret bobbaunce þat burȝe he biges vpon fyrst,

And neuenes hit his aune nome, as hit now hat;

Tirius to Tuskan and teldes bigynnes,

Langaberde in Lumbardie lyftes vp homes,

And fer ouer þe French flod Felix Brutus

On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he settez

wyth wynne,

Where werre and wrake and wonder

Bi syþez hatz wont þerinne,

And oft boþe blysse and blunder

Ful skete hatz skyfted synne.

Ande quen þis Bretayn watz bigged bi þis burn rych,

Bolde bredden þerinne, baret þat lofden,

In mony turned tyme tene þat wroȝten.

Mo ferlyes on þis folde han fallen here oft

Þen in any oþer þat I wot, syn þat ilk tyme.

Bot of alle þat here bult, of Bretaygne kynges,

Ay watz Arthur þe hendest, as I haf herde telle.

[folio 91v]

Page  2

Forþi an aunter in erde I attle to schawe,

Þat a selly in siȝt summe men hit holden,

And an outtrage awenture of Arthurez wonderez.

If ȝe wyl lysten þis laye bot on littel quile,

I schal telle hit as-tit, as I in toun herde,

with tonge,

As hit is stad and stoken

In stori stif and stronge,

With lel letteres loken,

In londe so hatz ben longe.

Þis kyng lay at Camylot vpon Krystmasse

With mony luflych lorde, ledez of þe best,

Rekenly of þe Rounde Table alle þo rich breþer,

With rych reuel oryȝt and rechles merþes.

Þer tournayed tulkes by tymez ful mony,

Justed ful jolilé þise gentyle kniȝtes,

Syþen kayred to þe court caroles to make.

For þer þe fest watz ilyche ful fiften dayes,

With alle þe mete and þe mirþe þat men couþe avyse;

Such glaum ande gle glorious to here,

Dere dyn vpon day, daunsyng on nyȝtes,

Al watz hap vpon heȝe in hallez and chambrez

With lordez and ladies, as leuest him þoȝt.

With all þe wele of þe worlde þay woned þer samen,

Þe most kyd knyȝtez vnder Krystes seluen,

And þe louelokkest ladies þat euer lif haden,

And he þe comlokest kyng þat þe court haldes;

For al watz þis fayre folk in her first age,

on sille,

Þe hapnest vnder heuen,

Kyng hyȝest mon of wylle;

Hit were now gret nye to neuen

So hardy a here on hille.

Wyle Nw Ȝer watz so ȝep þat hit watz nwe cummen,

Þat day doubble on þe dece watz þe douth serued.

Fro þe kyng watz cummen with knyȝtes into þe halle,

Page  3

Þe chauntré of þe chapel cheued to an ende,

Loude crye watz þer kest of clerkez and oþer, [folio 92r]

Nowel nayted onewe, neuened ful ofte;

And syþen riche forth runnen to reche hondeselle,

Ȝeȝed ȝeres-ȝiftes on hiȝ, ȝelde hem bi hond,

Debated busyly aboute þo giftes;

Ladies laȝed ful loude, þoȝ þay lost haden,

And he þat wan watz not wrothe, þat may ȝe wel trawe.

Alle þis mirþe þay maden to þe mete tyme;

When þay had waschen worþyly þay wenten to sete,

Þe best burne ay abof, as hit best semed,

Whene Guenore, ful gay, grayþed in þe myddes,

Dressed on þe dere des, dubbed al aboute,

Smal sendal bisides, a selure hir ouer

Of tryed tolouse, and tars tapites innoghe,

Þat were enbrawded and beten wyth þe best gemmes

Þat myȝt be preued of prys wyth penyes to bye,

in daye.

Þe comlokest to discrye

Þer glent with yȝen gray,

A semloker þat euer he syȝe

Soth moȝt no mon say.

Bot Arthure wolde not ete til al were serued,

He watz so joly of his joyfnes, and sumquat childgered:

His lif liked hym lyȝt, he louied þe lasse

Auþer to longe lye or to longe sitte,

So bisied him his ȝonge blod and his brayn wylde.

And also an oþer maner meued him eke

Þat he þurȝ nobelay had nomen, he wolde neuer ete

Vpon such a dere day er hym deuised were

Of sum auenturus þyng an vncouþe tale,

Of sum mayn meruayle, þat he myȝt trawe,

Of alderes, of armes, of oþer auenturus,

Oþer sum segg hym bisoȝt of sum siker knyȝt

To joyne wyth hym in iustyng, in jopardé to lay,

Lede, lif for lyf, leue vchon oþer,

Page  4

As fortune wolde fulsun hom, þe fayrer to haue.

Þis watz þe kynges countenaunce where he in court were,

At vch farand fest among his fre meny [folio 92v]

in halle.

Þerfore of face so fere

He stiȝtlez stif in stalle,

Ful ȝep in þat Nw Ȝere

Much mirthe he mas withalle.

Thus þer stondes in stale þe stif kyng hisseluen,

Talkkande bifore þe hyȝe table of trifles ful hende.

There gode Gawan watz grayþed Gwenore bisyde,

And Agrauayn a la dure mayn on þat oþer syde sittes,

Boþe þe kynges sistersunes and ful siker kniȝtes;

Bischop Bawdewyn abof biginez þe table,

And Ywan, Vryn son, ette with hymseluen.

Þise were diȝt on þe des and derworþly serued,

And siþen mony siker segge at þe sidbordez.

Þen þe first cors come with crakkyng of trumpes,

Wyth mony baner ful bryȝt þat þerbi henged;

Nwe nakryn noyse with þe noble pipes,

Wylde werbles and wyȝt wakned lote,

Þat mony hert ful hiȝe hef at her towches.

Dayntés dryuen þerwyth of ful dere metes,

Foysoun of þe fresche, and on so fele disches

Þat pine to fynde þe place þe peple biforne

For to sette þe sylueren þat sere sewes halden

on clothe.

Iche lede as he loued hymselue

Þer laght withouten loþe;

Ay two had disches twelue,

Good ber and bryȝt wyn boþe.

Now wyl I of hor seruise say yow no more,

For vch wyȝe may wel wit no wont þat þer were.

An oþer noyse ful newe neȝed biliue,

Þat þe lude myȝt haf leue liflode to cach;

Page  5

For vneþe watz þe noyce not a whyle sesed,

And þe fyrst cource in þe court kyndely serued,

Þer hales in at þe halle dor an aghlich mayster,

On þe most on þe molde on mesure hyghe;

Fro þe swyre to þe swange so sware and so þik,

And his lyndes and his lymes so longe and so grete, [folio 93r]

Half etayn in erde I hope þat he were,

Bot mon most I algate mynn hym to bene,

And þat þe myriest in his muckel þat myȝt ride;

For of bak and of brest al were his bodi sturne,

Both his wombe and his wast were worthily smale,

And alle his fetures folȝande, in forme þat he hade,

ful clene;

For wonder of his hwe men hade,

Set in his semblaunt sene;

He ferde as freke were fade,

And oueral enker-grene.

Ande al grayþed in grene þis gome and his wedes:

A strayte cote ful streȝt, þat stek on his sides,

A meré mantile abof, mensked withinne

With pelure pured apert, þe pane ful clene

With blyþe blaunner ful bryȝt, and his hod boþe,

Þat watz laȝt fro his lokkez and layde on his schulderes;

Heme wel-haled hose of þat same,

Þat spenet on his sparlyr, and clene spures vnder

Of bryȝt golde, vpon silk bordes barred ful ryche,

And scholes vnder schankes þere þe schalk rides;

And alle his vesture uerayly watz clene verdure,

Boþe þe barres of his belt and oþer blyþe stones,

Þat were richely rayled in his aray clene

Aboutte hymself and his sadel, vpon silk werkez.

Þat were to tor for to telle of tryfles þe halue

Þat were enbrauded abof, wyth bryddes and flyȝes,

With gay gaudi of grene, þe golde ay inmyddes.

Þe pendauntes of his payttrure, þe proude cropure,

His molaynes, and alle þe metail anamayld was þenne,

Þe steropes þat he stod on stayned of þe same,

Page  6

And his arsounz al after and his aþel skyrtes,

Þat euer glemered and glent al of grene stones;

Þe fole þat he ferkkes on fyn of þat ilke,

sertayn,

A grene hors gret and þikke,

A stede ful stif to strayne,

In brawden brydel quik--

[folio 93v]

To þe gome he watz ful gayn.

Wel gay watz þis gome gered in grene,

And þe here of his hed of his hors swete.

Fayre fannand fax vmbefoldes his schulderes;

A much berd as a busk ouer his brest henges,

Þat wyth his hiȝlich here þat of his hed reches

Watz euesed al vmbetorne abof his elbowes,

Þat half his armes þer-vnder were halched in þe wyse

Of a kyngez capados þat closes his swyre;

Þe mane of þat mayn hors much to hit lyke,

Wel cresped and cemmed, wyth knottes ful mony

Folden in wyth fildore aboute þe fayre grene,

Ay a herle of þe here, an oþer of golde;

Þe tayl and his toppyng twynnen of a sute,

And bounden boþe wyth a bande of a bryȝt grene,

Dubbed wyth ful dere stonez, as þe dok lasted,

Syþen þrawen wyth a þwong a þwarle knot alofte,

Þer mony bellez ful bryȝt of brende golde rungen.

Such a fole vpon folde, ne freke þat hym rydes,

Watz neuer sene in þat sale wyth syȝt er þat tyme,

with yȝe.

He loked as layt so lyȝt,

So sayd al þat hym syȝe;

Hit semed as no mon myȝt

Vnder his dynttez dryȝe.

Wheþer hade he no helme ne hawbergh nauþer,

Ne no pysan ne no plate þat pented to armes,

Ne no schafte ne no schelde to schwue ne to smyte,

Bot in his on honde he hade a holyn bobbe,

Page  7

Þat is grattest in grene when greuez ar bare,

And an ax in his oþer, a hoge and vnmete,

A spetos sparþe to expoun in spelle, quoso myȝt.

Þe lenkþe of an elnȝerde þe large hede hade,

Þe grayn al of grene stele and of golde hewen,

Þe bit burnyst bryȝt, with a brod egge

As wel schapen to schere as scharp rasores,

Þe stele of a stif staf þe sturne hit bi grypte, [folio 94r]

Þat watz wounden wyth yrn to þe wandez ende,

And al bigrauen with grene in gracios werkes;

A lace lapped aboute, þat louked at þe hede,

And so after þe halme halched ful ofte,

Wyth tryed tasselez þerto tacched innoghe

On botounz of þe bryȝt grene brayden ful ryche.

Þis haþel heldez hym in and þe halle entres,

Driuande to þe heȝe dece, dut he no woþe,

Haylsed he neuer one, bot heȝe he ouer loked.

Þe fyrst word þat he warp, 'Wher is', he sayd,

'Þe gouernour of þis gyng? Gladly I wolde

Se þat segg in syȝt, and with hymself speke

raysoun.'

To knyȝtez he kest his yȝe,

And reled hym vp and doun;

He stemmed, and con studie

Quo walt þer most renoun.

Ther watz lokyng on lenþe þe lude to beholde,

For vch mon had meruayle quat hit mene myȝt

Þat a haþel and a horse myȝt such a hwe lach,

As growe grene as þe gres and grener hit semed,

Þen grene aumayl on golde glowande bryȝter.

Al studied þat þer stod, and stalked hym nerre

Wyth al þe wonder of þe worlde what he worch schulde.

For fele sellyez had þay sen, bot such neuer are;

Forþi for fantoum and fayryȝe þe folk þere hit demed.

Þerfore to answare watz arȝe mony aþel freke,

And al stouned at his steuen and stonstil seten

In a swoghe sylence þurȝ þe sale riche;

Page  8

As al were slypped vpon slepe so slaked hor lotez

in hyȝe--

I deme hit not al for doute,

Bot sum for cortaysye--

Bot let hym þat al schulde loute

Cast vnto þat wyȝe.

Þenn Arþour bifore þe hiȝ dece þat auenture byholdez,

And rekenly hym reuerenced, for rad was he neuer,

And sayde, 'Wyȝe, welcum iwys to þis place, [folio 94v]

Þe hede of þis ostel Arthour I hat;

Liȝt luflych adoun and lenge, I þe praye,

And quat-so þy wylle is we schal wyt after.'

'Nay, as help me,' quoþ þe haþel, 'he þat on hyȝe syttes,

To wone any quyle in þis won, hit watz not myn ernde;

Bot for þe los of þe, lede, is lyft vp so hyȝe,

And þy burȝ and þy burnes best ar holden,

Stifest vnder stel-gere on stedes to ryde,

Þe wyȝtest and þe worþyest of þe worldes kynde,

Preue for to play wyth in oþer pure laykez,

And here is kydde cortaysye, as I haf herd carp,

And þat hatz wayned me hider, iwyis, at þis tyme.

Ȝe may be seker bi þis braunch þat I bere here

Þat I passe as in pes, and no plyȝt seche;

For had I founded in fere in feȝtyng wyse,

I haue a hauberghe at home and a helme boþe,

A schelde and a scharp spere, schinande bryȝt,

Ande oþer weppenes to welde, I wene wel, als;

Bot for I wolde no were, my wedez ar softer.

Bot if þou be so bold as alle burnez tellen,

Þou wyl grant me godly þe gomen þat I ask

bi ryȝt.'

Arthour con onsware,

And sayd, 'Sir cortays knyȝt,

If þou craue batayl bare,

Here faylez þou not to fyȝt.'

'Nay, frayst I no fyȝt, in fayth I þe telle,

Hit arn aboute on þis bench bot berdlez chylder.

If I were hasped in armes on a heȝe stede,

Page  9

Here is no mon me to mach, for myȝtez so wayke.

Forþy I craue in þis court a Crystemas gomen,

For hit is Ȝol and Nwe Ȝer, and here ar ȝep mony:

If any so hardy in þis hous holdez hymseluen,

Be so bolde in his blod, brayn in hys hede,

Þat dar stifly strike a strok for an oþer,

I schal gif hym of my gyft þys giserne ryche,

Þis ax, þat is heué innogh, to hondele as hym lykes, [folio 95r]

And I schal bide þe fyrst bur as bare as I sitte.

If any freke be so felle to fonde þat I telle,

Lepe lyȝtly me to, and lach þis weppen,

I quit-clayme hit for euer, kepe hit as his auen,

And I schal stonde hym a strok, stif on þis flet,

Ellez þou wyl diȝt me þe dom to dele hym an oþer

barlay,

And ȝet gif hym respite,

A twelmonyth and a day;

Now hyȝe, and let se tite

Dar any herinne oȝt say.'

If he hem stowned vpon fyrst, stiller were þanne

Alle þe heredmen in halle, þe hyȝ and þe loȝe.

Þe renk on his rouncé hym ruched in his sadel,

And runischly his rede yȝen he reled aboute,

Bende his bresed broȝez, blycande grene,

Wayued his berde for to wayte quo-so wolde ryse.

When non wolde kepe hym with carp he coȝed ful hyȝe,

Ande rimed hym ful richly, and ryȝt hym to speke:

'What, is þis Arthures hous,' quoþ þe haþel þenne,

'Þat al þe rous rennes of þurȝ ryalmes so mony?

Where is now your sourquydrye and your conquestes,

Your gryndellayk and your greme, and your grete wordes?

Now is þe reuel and þe renoun of þe Rounde Table

Ouerwalt wyth a worde of on wyȝes speche,

For al dares for drede withoute dynt schewed!'

Wyth þis he laȝes so loude þat þe lorde greued;

Þe blod schot for scham into his schyre face

and lere;

Page  10

He wex as wroth as wynde,

So did alle þat þer were.

Þe kyng as kene bi kynde

Þen stod þat stif mon nere,

Ande sayde, 'Haþel, by heuen, þyn askyng is nys,

And as þou foly hatz frayst, fynde þe behoues.

I know no gome þat is gast of þy grete wordes;

Gif me now þy geserne, vpon Godez halue,

And I schal bayþen þy bone þat þou boden habbes.' [folio 95v]

Lyȝtly lepez he hym to, and laȝt at his honde.

Þen feersly þat oþer freke vpon fote lyȝtis.

Now hatz Arthure his axe, and þe halme grypez,

And sturnely sturez hit aboute, þat stryke wyth hit þoȝt.

Þe stif mon hym bifore stod vpon hyȝt,

Herre þen ani in þe hous by þe hede and more.

Wyth sturne schere þer he stod he stroked his berde,

And wyth a countenaunce dryȝe he droȝ doun his cote,

No more mate ne dismayd for hys mayn dintez

Þen any burne vpon bench hade broȝt hym to drynk

of wyne.

Gawan, þat sate bi þe quene,

To þe kyng he can enclyne:

'I beseche now with saȝez sene

Þis melly mot be myne.

'Wolde ȝe, worþilych lorde,' quoþ Wawan to þe kyng,

'Bid me boȝe fro þis benche, and stonde by yow þere,

Þat I wythoute vylanye myȝt voyde þis table,

And þat my legge lady lyked not ille,

I wolde com to your counseyl bifore your cort ryche.

For me þink hit not semly, as hit is soþ knawen,

Þer such an askyng is heuened so hyȝe in your sale,

Þaȝ ȝe ȝourself be talenttyf, to take hit to yourseluen,

Whil mony so bolde yow aboute vpon bench sytten,

Þat vnder heuen I hope non haȝerer of wylle,

Ne better bodyes on bent þer baret is rered.

I am þe wakkest, I wot, and of wyt feblest,

And lest lur of my lyf, quo laytes þe soþe--

Page  11

Bot for as much as ȝe ar myn em I am only to prayse,

No bounté bot your blod I in my bodé knowe;

And syþen þis note is so nys þat noȝt hit yow falles,

And I haue frayned hit at yow fyrst, foldez hit to me;

And if I carp not comlyly, let alle þis cort rych

bout blame.'

Ryche togeder con roun,

And syþen þay redden alle same

To ryd þe kyng wyth croun,

And gif Gawan þe game. [folio 96r]

Þen comaunded þe kyng þe knyȝt for to ryse;

And he ful radly vpros, and ruchched hym fayre,

Kneled doun bifore þe kyng, and cachez þat weppen;

And he luflyly hit hym laft, and lyfte vp his honde,

And gef hym Goddez blessyng, and gladly hym biddes

Þat his hert and his honde schulde hardi be boþe.

'Kepe þe, cosyn,' quoþ þe kyng, 'þat þou on kyrf sette,

And if þou redez hym ryȝt, redly I trowe

Þat þou schal byden þe bur þat he schal bede after.'

Gawan gotz to þe gome with giserne in honde,

And he baldly hym bydez, he bayst neuer þe helder.

Þen carppez to Sir Gawan þe knyȝt in þe grene,

'Refourme we oure forwardes, er we fyrre passe.

Fyrst I eþe þe, haþel, how þat þou hattes

Þat þou me telle truly, as I tryst may.'

'In god fayth,' quoþ þe goode knyȝt, 'Gawan I hatte,

Þat bede þe þis buffet, quat-so bifallez after,

And at þis tyme twelmonyth take at þe an oþer

Wyth what weppen so þou wylt, and wyth no wyȝ ellez

on lyue.'

Þat oþer onswarez agayn,

'Sir Gawan, so mot I þryue

As I am ferly fayn

Þis dint þat þou schal dryue.

'Bigog,' quoþ þe grene knyȝt, 'Sir Gawan, me lykes

Þat I schal fange at þy fust þat I haf frayst here.

And þou hatz redily rehersed, bi resoun ful trwe,

Page  12

Clanly al þe couenaunt þat I þe kynge asked,

Saf þat þou schal siker me, segge, bi þi trawþe,

Þat þou schal seche me þiself, where-so þou hopes

I may be funde vpon folde, and foch þe such wages

As þou deles me to-day bifore þis douþe ryche.'

'Where schulde I wale þe,' quoþ Gauan, 'where is þy place?

I wot neuer where þou wonyes, bi hym þat me wroȝt,

Ne I know not þe, knyȝt, by cort ne þi name.

Bot teche me truly þerto, and telle me how þou hattes,

And I schal ware alle my wyt to wynne me þeder, [folio 96v]

And þat I swere þe for soþe, and by my seker traweþ.'

'Þat is innogh in Nwe Ȝer, hit nedes no more',

Quoþ þe gome in þe grene to Gawan þe hende;

'Ȝif I þe telle trwly, quen I þe tape haue

And þou me smoþely hatz smyten, smartly I þe teche

Of my hous and my home and myn owen nome,

Þen may þou frayst my fare and forwardez holde;

And if I spende no speche, þenne spedez þou þe better,

For þou may leng in þy londe and layt no fyrre--

bot slokes!

Ta now þy grymme tole to þe,

And let se how þou cnokez.'

'Gladly, sir, for soþe',

Quoþ Gawan; his ax he strokes.

Þe grene knyȝt vpon grounde grayþely hym dresses,

A littel lut with þe hede, þe lere he discouerez,

His longe louelych lokkez he layd ouer his croun,

Let þe naked nec to þe note schewe.

Gauan gripped to his ax, and gederes hit on hyȝt,

Þe kay fot on þe folde he before sette,

Let him doun lyȝtly lyȝt on þe naked,

Þat þe scharp of þe schalk schyndered þe bones,

And schrank þurȝ þe schyire grece, and schade hit in twynne,

Þat þe bit of þe broun stel bot on þe grounde.

Þe fayre hede fro þe halce hit to þe erþe,

Þat fele hit foyned wyth her fete, þere hit forth roled;

Þe blod brayd fro þe body, þat blykked on þe grene;

Page  13

And nawþer faltered ne fel þe freke neuer þe helder,

Bot styþly he start forth vpon styf schonkes,

And runyschly he raȝt out, þere as renkkez stoden,

Laȝt to his lufly hed, and lyft hit vp sone;

And syþen boȝez to his blonk, þe brydel he cachchez,

Steppez into stelbawe and strydez alofte,

And his hede by þe here in his honde haldez;

And as sadly þe segge hym in his sadel sette

As non vnhap had hym ayled, þaȝ hedlez he were

in stedde.

He brayde his bulk aboute, [folio 97r]

Þat vgly bodi þat bledde;

Moni on of hym had doute,

Bi þat his resounz were redde.

For þe hede in his honde he haldez vp euen,

Toward þe derrest on þe dece he dressez þe face,

And hit lyfte vp þe yȝe-lyddez and loked ful brode,

And meled þus much with his muthe, as ȝe may now here:

'Loke, Gawan, þou be grayþe to go as þou hettez,

And layte as lelly til þou me, lude, fynde,

As þou hatz hette in þis halle, herande þise knyȝtes;

To þe grene chapel þou chose, I charge þe, to fotte

Such a dunt as þou hatz dalt--disserued þou habbez

To be ȝederly ȝolden on Nw Ȝeres morn.

Þe knyȝt of þe grene chapel men knowen me mony;

Forþi me for to fynde if þou fraystez, faylez þou neuer.

Þerfore com, oþer recreaunt be calde þe behoues.'

With a runisch rout þe raynez he tornez,

Halled out at þe hal dor, his hed in his hande,

Þat þe fyr of þe flynt flaȝe fro fole houes.

To quat kyth he becom knwe non þere,

Neuer more þen þay wyste from queþen he watz wonnen.

What þenne?

Þe kyng and Gawen þare

At þat grene þay laȝe and grenne,

Ȝet breued watz hit ful bare

A meruayl among þo menne.

Page  14

Þaȝ Arþer þe hende kyng at hert hade wonder,

He let no semblaunt be sene, bot sayde ful hyȝe

To þe comlych quene wyth cortays speche,

'Dere dame, to-day demay yow neuer;

Wel bycommes such craft vpon Cristmasse,

Laykyng of enterludez, to laȝe and to syng,

Among þise kynde caroles of knyȝtez and ladyez.

Neuer þe lece to my mete I may me wel dres,

For I haf sen a selly, I may not forsake.'

He glent vpon Sir Gawen, and gaynly he sayde,

'Now, sir, heng vp þyn ax, þat hatz innogh hewen'; [folio 97v]

And hit watz don abof þe dece on doser to henge,

Þer alle men for meruayl myȝt on hit loke,

And bi trwe tytel þerof to telle þe wonder.

Þenne þay boȝed to a borde þise burnes togeder,

Þe kyng and þe gode knyȝt, and kene men hem serued

Of alle dayntyez double, as derrest myȝt falle;

Wyth alle maner of mete and mynstralcie boþe,

Wyth wele walt þay þat day, til worþed an ende

in londe.

Now þenk wel, Sir Gawan,

For woþe þat þou ne wonde

Þis auenture for to frayn

Þat þou hatz tan on honde.

Passus II

THIS hanselle hatz Arthur of auenturus on fyrst

In ȝonge ȝer, for he ȝerned ȝelpyng to here.

Thaȝ hym wordez were wane when þay to sete wenten,

Now ar þay stoken of sturne werk, stafful her hond.

Gawan watz glad to begynne þose gomnez in halle,

Bot þaȝ þe ende be heuy haf ȝe no wonder;

For þaȝ men ben mery in mynde quen þay han mayn drynk,

A ȝere ȝernes ful ȝerne, and ȝeldez neuer lyke,

Þe forme to þe fynisment foldez ful selden.

Forþi þis Ȝol ouerȝede, and þe ȝere after,

And vche sesoun serlepes sued after oþer:

Page  15

After Crystenmasse com þe crabbed lentoun,

Þat fraystez flesch wyth þe fysche and fode more symple;

Bot þenne þe weder of þe worlde wyth wynter hit þrepez,

Colde clengez adoun, cloudez vplyften,

Schyre schedez þe rayn in schowrez ful warme,

Fallez vpon fayre flat, flowrez þere schewen,

Boþe groundez and þe greuez grene ar her wedez,

Bryddez busken to bylde, and bremlych syngen

For solace of þe softe somer þat sues þerafter

bi bonk;

And blossumez bolne to blowe

Bi rawez rych and ronk,

Þen notez noble innoȝe

[folio 98r]

Ar herde in wod so wlonk.

After þe sesoun of somer wyth þe soft wyndez

Quen Zeferus syflez hymself on sedez and erbez,

Wela wynne is þe wort þat waxes þeroute,

When þe donkande dewe dropez of þe leuez,

To bide a blysful blusch of þe bryȝt sunne.

Bot þen hyȝes heruest, and hardenes hym sone,

Warnez hym for þe wynter to wax ful rype;

He dryues wyth droȝt þe dust for to ryse,

Fro þe face of þe folde to flyȝe ful hyȝe;

Wroþe wynde of þe welkyn wrastelez with þe sunne,

Þe leuez lancen fro þe lynde and lyȝten on þe grounde,

And al grayes þe gres þat grene watz ere;

Þenne al rypez and rotez þat ros vpon fyrst,

And þus ȝirnez þe ȝere in ȝisterdayez mony,

And wynter wyndez aȝayn, as þe worlde askez,

no fage,

Til Meȝelmas mone

Watz cumen wyth wynter wage;

Þen þenkkez Gawan ful sone

Of his anious uyage.

Ȝet quyl Al-hal-day with Arþer he lenges;

And he made a fare on þat fest for þe frekez sake,

With much reuel and ryche of þe Rounde Table.

Page  16

Knyȝtez ful cortays and comlych ladies

Al for luf of þat lede in longynge þay were,

Bot neuer þe lece ne þe later þay neuened bot merþe:

Mony ioylez for þat ientyle iapez þer maden.

For aftter mete with mournyng he melez to his eme,

And spekez of his passage, and pertly he sayde,

'Now, lege lorde of my lyf, leue I yow ask;

Ȝe knowe þe cost of þis cace, kepe I no more

To telle yow tenez þerof neuer bot trifel;

Bot I am boun to þe bur barely to-morne

To sech þe gome of þe grene, as God wyl me wysse.'

Þenne þe best of þe burȝ boȝed togeder,

Aywan, and Errik, and oþer ful mony, [folio 98v]

Sir Doddinaual de Sauage, þe duk of Clarence,

Launcelot, and Lyonel, and Lucan þe gode,

Sir Boos, and Sir Byduer, big men boþe,

And mony oþer menskful, with Mador de la Port.

Alle þis compayny of court com þe kyng nerre

For to counseyl þe knyȝt, with care at her hert.

Þere watz much derue doel driuen in þe sale

Þat so worthé as Wawan schulde wende on þat ernde,

To dryȝe a delful dynt, and dele no more

wyth bronde.

Þe knyȝt mad ay god chere,

And sayde, 'Quat schuld I wonde?

Of destinés derf and dere

What may mon do bot fonde?'

He dowellez þer al þat day, and dressez on þe morn,

Askez erly hys armez, and alle were þay broȝt.

Fyrst a tulé tapit tyȝt ouer þe flet,

And miche watz þe gyld gere þat glent þeralofte;

Þe stif mon steppez þeron, and þe stel hondelez,

Dubbed in a dublet of a dere tars,

And syþen a crafty capados, closed aloft,

Þat wyth a bryȝt blaunner was bounden withinne.

Þenne set þay þe sabatounz vpon þe segge fotez,

His legez lapped in stel with luflych greuez,

With polaynez piched þerto, policed ful clene,

Aboute his knez knaged wyth knotez of golde;

Page  17

Queme quyssewes þen, þat coyntlych closed

His thik þrawen þyȝez, with þwonges to tachched;

And syþen þe brawden bryné of bryȝt stel ryngez

Vmbeweued þat wyȝ vpon wlonk stuffe,

And wel bornyst brace vpon his boþe armes,

With gode cowters and gay, and glouez of plate,

And alle þe godlych gere þat hym gayn schulde

þat tyde;

Wyth ryche cote-armure,

His gold sporez spend with pryde,

Gurde wyth a bront ful sure

With silk sayn vmbe his syde. [folio 99r]

When he watz hasped in armes, his harnays watz ryche:

Þe lest lachet oþer loupe lemed of golde.

So harnayst as he watz he herknez his masse,

Offred and honoured at þe heȝe auter.

Syþen he comez to þe kyng and to his cort-ferez,

Lachez lufly his leue at lordez and ladyez;

And þay hym kyst and conueyed, bikende hym to Kryst.

Bi þat watz Gryngolet grayth, and gurde with a sadel

Þat glemed ful gayly with mony golde frenges,

Ayquere naylet ful nwe, for þat note ryched;

Þe brydel barred aboute, with bryȝt golde bounden;

Þe apparayl of þe payttrure and of þe proude skyrtez,

Þe cropore and þe couertor, acorded wyth þe arsounez;

And al watz rayled on red ryche golde naylez,

Þat al glytered and glent as glem of þe sunne.

Þenne hentes he þe helme, and hastily hit kysses,

Þat watz stapled stifly, and stoffed wythinne.

Hit watz hyȝe on his hede, hasped bihynde,

Wyth a lyȝtly vrysoun ouer þe auentayle,

Enbrawden and bounden wyth þe best gemmez

On brode sylkyn borde, and bryddez on semez,

As papiayez paynted peruyng bitwene,

Tortors and trulofez entayled so þyk

As mony burde þeraboute had ben seuen wynter

in toune.

Page  18

Þe cercle watz more o prys

Þat vmbeclypped hys croun,

Of diamauntez a deuys

Þat boþe were bryȝt and broun.

THEN þay schewed hym þe schelde, þat was of schyr goulez

Wyth þe pentangel depaynt of pure golde hwez.

He braydez hit by þe bauderyk, aboute þe hals kestes,

Þat bisemed þe segge semlyly fayre.

And quy þe pentangel apendez to þat prynce noble

I am in tent yow to telle, þof tary hyt me schulde:

Hit is a syngne þat Salamon set sumquyle

In bytoknyng of trawþe, bi tytle þat hit habbez, [folio 99v]

For hit is a figure þat haldez fyue poyntez,

And vche lyne vmbelappez and loukez in oþer,

And ayquere hit is endelez; and Englych hit callen

Oueral, as I here, þe endeles knot.

Forþy hit acordez to þis knyȝt and to his cler armez,

For ay faythful in fyue and sere fyue syþez

Gawan watz for gode knawen, and as golde pured,

Voyded of vche vylany, wyth vertuez ennourned

in mote;

Forþy þe pentangel nwe

He ber in schelde and cote,

As tulk of tale most trwe

And gentylest knyȝt of lote.

Fyrst he watz funden fautlez in his fyue wyttez,

And efte fayled neuer þe freke in his fyue fyngres,

And alle his afyaunce vpon folde watz in þe fyue woundez

Þat Cryst kaȝt on þe croys, as þe crede tellez;

And quere-so-euer þys mon in melly watz stad,

His þro þoȝt watz in þat, þurȝ alle oþer þyngez,

Þat alle his forsnes he feng at þe fyue joyez

Þat þe hende heuen-quene had of hir chylde;

At þis cause þe knyȝt comlyche hade

In þe inore half of his schelde hir ymage depaynted,

Þat quen he blusched þerto his belde neuer payred.

Page  19

Þe fyft fyue þat I finde þat þe frek vsed

Watz fraunchyse and felaȝschyp forbe al þyng,

His clannes and his cortaysye croked were neuer,

And pité, þat passez alle poyntez, þyse pure fyue

Were harder happed on þat haþel þen on any oþer.

Now alle þese fyue syþez, for soþe, were fetled on þis knyȝt,

And vchone halched in oþer, þat non ende hade,

And fyched vpon fyue poyntez, þat fayld neuer,

Ne samned neuer in no syde, ne sundred nouþer,

Withouten ende at any noke I oquere fynde,

Whereeuer þe gomen bygan, or glod to an ende.

Þerfore on his schene schelde schapen watz þe knot

Ryally wyth red golde vpon rede gowlez, [folio 100r]

Þat is þe pure pentaungel wyth þe peple called

with lore.

Now grayþed is Gawan gay,

And laȝt his launce ryȝt þore,

And gef hem alle goud day,

He wende for euermore.

He sperred þe sted with þe spurez and sprong on his way,

So stif þat þe ston-fyr stroke out þerafter.

Al þat seȝ þat semly syked in hert,

And sayde soþly al same segges til oþer,

Carande for þat comly: 'Bi Kryst, hit is scaþe

Þat þou, leude, schal be lost, þat art of lyf noble!

To fynde hys fere vpon folde, in fayth, is not eþe.

Warloker to haf wroȝt had more wyt bene,

And haf dyȝt ȝonder dere a duk to haue worþed;

A lowande leder of ledez in londe hym wel semez,

And so had better haf ben þen britned to noȝt,

Hadet wyth an aluisch mon, for angardez pryde.

Who knew euer any kyng such counsel to take

As knyȝtez in cauelaciounz on Crystmasse gomnez!'

Wel much watz þe warme water þat waltered of yȝen,

When þat semly syre soȝt fro þo wonez

þad daye.

Page  20

He made non abode,

Bot wyȝtly went hys way;

Mony wylsum way he rode,

Þe bok as I herde say.

Now ridez þis renk þurȝ þe ryalme of Logres,

Sir Gauan, on Godez halue, þaȝ hym no gomen þoȝt.

Oft leudlez alone he lengez on nyȝtez

Þer he fonde noȝt hym byfore þe fare þat he lyked.

Hade he no fere bot his fole bi frythez and dounez,

Ne no gome bot God bi gate wyth to karp,

Til þat he neȝed ful neghe into þe Norþe Walez.

Alle þe iles of Anglesay on lyft half he haldez,

And farez ouer þe fordez by þe forlondez,

Ouer at þe Holy Hede, til he hade eft bonk

In þe wyldrenesse of Wyrale; wonde þer bot lyte [folio 100v]

Þat auþer God oþer gome wyth goud hert louied.

And ay he frayned, as he ferde, at frekez þat he met,

If þay hade herde any karp of a knyȝt grene,

In any grounde þeraboute, of þe grene chapel;

And al nykked hym wyth nay, þat neuer in her lyue

Þay seȝe neuer no segge þat watz of suche hwez

of grene.

Þe knyȝt tok gates straunge

In mony a bonk vnbene,

His cher ful oft con chaunge

Þat chapel er he myȝt sene.

Mony klyf he ouerclambe in contrayez straunge,

Fer floten fro his frendez fremedly he rydez.

At vche warþe oþer water þer þe wyȝe passed

He fonde a foo hym byfore, bot ferly hit were,

And þat so foule and so felle þat feȝt hym byhode.

So mony meruayl bi mount þer þe mon fyndez,

Hit were to tore for to telle of þe tenþe dole.

Sumwhyle wyth wormez he werrez, and with wolues als,

Sumwhyle wyth wodwos, þat woned in þe knarrez,

Boþe wyth bullez and berez, and borez oþerquyle,

And etaynez, þat hym anelede of þe heȝe felle;

Page  21

Nade he ben duȝty and dryȝe, and Dryȝtyn had serued,

Douteles he hade ben ded and dreped ful ofte.

For werre wrathed hym not so much þat wynter nas wors,

When þe colde cler water fro þe cloudez schadde,

And fres er hit falle myȝt to þe fale erþe;

Ner slayn wyth þe slete he sleped in his yrnes

Mo nyȝtez þen innoghe in naked rokkez,

Þer as claterande fro þe crest þe colde borne rennez,

And henged heȝe ouer his hede in hard iisse-ikkles.

Þus in peryl and payne and plytes ful harde

Bi contray cayrez þis knyȝt, tyl Krystmasse euen,

al one;

Þe knyȝt wel þat tyde

To Mary made his mone,

Þat ho hym red to ryde [folio 101r]

And wysse hym to sum wone.

Bi a mounte on þe morne meryly he rydes

Into a forest ful dep, þat ferly watz wylde,

Hiȝe hillez on vche a halue, and holtwodez vnder

Of hore okez ful hoge a hundreth togeder;

Þe hasel and þe haȝþorne were harled al samen,

With roȝe raged mosse rayled aywhere,

With mony bryddez vnblyþe vpon bare twyges,

Þat pitosly þer piped for pyne of þe colde.

Þe gome vpon Gryngolet glydez hem vnder,

Þurȝ mony misy and myre, mon al hym one,

Carande for his costes, lest he ne keuer schulde

To se þe seruyse of þat syre, þat on þat self nyȝt

Of a burde watz borne oure baret to quelle;

And þerfore sykyng he sayde, 'I beseche þe, lorde,

And Mary, þat is myldest moder so dere,

Of sum herber þer heȝly I myȝt here masse,

Ande þy matynez to-morne, mekely I ask,

And þerto prestly I pray my pater and aue

and crede.'

He rode in his prayere,

And cryed for his mysdede,

Page  22

He sayned hym in syþes sere,

And sayde 'Cros Kryst me spede!'

NADE he sayned hymself, segge, bot þrye,

Er he watz war in þe wod of a won in a mote,

Abof a launde, on a lawe, loken vnder boȝez

Of mony borelych bole aboute bi þe diches:

A castel þe comlokest þat euer knyȝt aȝte,

Pyched on a prayere, a park al aboute,

With a pyked palays pyned ful þik,

Þat vmbeteȝe mony tre mo þen two myle.

Þat holde on þat on syde þe haþel auysed,

As hit schemered and schon þurȝ þe schyre okez;

Þenne hatz he hendly of his helme, and heȝly he þonkez

Jesus and sayn Gilyan, þat gentyle ar boþe, [folio 101v]

Þat cortaysly had hym kydde, and his cry herkened.

'Now bone hostel,' coþe þe burne, 'I beseche yow ȝette!'

Þenne gerdez he to Gryngolet with þe gilt helez,

And he ful chauncely hatz chosen to þe chef gate,

Þat broȝt bremly þe burne to þe bryge ende

in haste.

Þe bryge watz breme vpbrayde,

Þe ȝatez wer stoken faste,

Þe wallez were wel arayed,

Hit dut no wyndez blaste.

Þe burne bode on blonk, þat on bonk houed

Of þe depe double dich þat drof to þe place;

Þe walle wod in þe water wonderly depe,

Ande eft a ful huge heȝt hit haled vpon lofte

Of harde hewen ston vp to þe tablez,

Enbaned vnder þe abataylment in þe best lawe;

And syþen garytez ful gaye gered bitwene,

Wyth mony luflych loupe þat louked ful clene:

A better barbican þat burne blusched vpon neuer.

And innermore he behelde þat halle ful hyȝe,

Towres telded bytwene, trochet ful þik,

Fayre fylyolez þat fyȝed, and ferlyly long,

Page  23

With coruon coprounes craftyly sleȝe.

Chalkwhyt chymnees þer ches he innoȝe

Vpon bastel rouez, þat blenked ful quyte;

So mony pynakle payntet watz poudred ayquere,

Among þe castel carnelez clambred so þik,

Þat pared out of papure purely hit semed.

Þe fre freke on þe fole hit fayr innoghe þoȝt,

If he myȝt keuer to com þe cloyster wythinne,

To herber in þat hostel whyl halyday lested,

auinant.

He calde, and sone þer com

A porter pure plesaunt,

On þe wal his ernd he nome,

And haylsed þe knyȝt erraunt.

'Gode sir,' quoþ Gawan, 'woldez þou go myn ernde

To þe heȝ lorde of þis hous, herber to craue?' [folio 102r]

'Ȝe, Peter,' quoþ þe porter, 'and purely I trowee

Þat ȝe be, wyȝe, welcum to won quyle yow lykez.'

Þen ȝede þe wyȝe ȝerne and com aȝayn swyþe,

And folke frely hym wyth, to fonge þe knyȝt.

Þay let doun þe grete draȝt and derely out ȝeden,

And kneled doun on her knes vpon þe colde erþe

To welcum þis ilk wyȝ as worþy hom þoȝt;

Þay ȝolden hym þe brode ȝate, ȝarked vp wyde,

And he hem raysed rekenly, and rod ouer þe brygge.

Sere seggez hym sesed by sadel, quel he lyȝt,

And syþen stabeled his stede stif men innoȝe.

Knyȝtez and swyerez comen doun þenne

For to bryng þis buurne wyth blys into halle;

Quen he hef vp his helme, þer hiȝed innoghe

For to hent hit at his honde, þe hende to seruen;

His bronde and his blasoun boþe þay token.

Þen haylsed he ful hendly þo haþelez vchone,

And mony proud mon þer presed þat prynce to honour.

Alle hasped in his heȝ wede to halle þay hym wonnen,

Þer fayre fyre vpon flet fersly brenned.

Þenne þe lorde of þe lede loutez fro his chambre

Page  24

For to mete wyth menske þe mon on þe flor;

He sayde, 'Ȝe ar welcum to welde as yow lykez

Þat here is; al is yowre awen, to haue at yowre wylle

and welde.'

'Graunt mercy,' quoþ Gawayn,

'Þer Kryst hit yow forȝelde.'

As frekez þat semed fayn

Ayþer oþer in armez con felde.

Gawayn glyȝt on þe gome þat godly hym gret,

And þuȝt hit a bolde burne þat þe burȝ aȝte,

A hoge haþel for þe nonez, and of hyghe eldee;

Brode, bryȝt, watz his berde, and al beuer-hwed,

Sturne, stif on þe stryþþe on stalworth schonkez,

Felle face as þe fyre, and fre of hys speche;

And wel hym semed, for soþe, as þe segge þuȝt,

To lede a lortschyp in lee of leudez ful gode. [folio 102v]

Þe lorde hym charred to a chambre, and chefly cumaundez

To delyuer hym a leude, hym loȝly to serue;

And þere were boun at his bode burnez innoȝe,

Þat broȝt hym to a bryȝt boure, þer beddyng watz noble,

Of cortynes of clene sylk wyth cler golde hemmez,

And couertorez ful curious with comlych panez

Of bryȝt blaunner aboue, enbrawded bisydez,

Rudelez rennande on ropez, red golde ryngez,

Tapitez tyȝt to þe woȝe of tuly and tars,

And vnder fete, on þe flet, of folȝande sute.

Þer he watz dispoyled, wyth spechez of myerþe,

Þe burn of his bruny and of his bryȝt wedez.

Ryche robes ful rad renkkez hym broȝten,

For to charge, and to chaunge, and chose of þe best.

Sone as he on hent, and happed þerinne,

Þat sete on hym semly wyth saylande skyrtez,

Þe ver by his uisage verayly hit semed

Welneȝ to vche haþel, alle on hwes

Lowande and lufly alle his lymmez vnder,

Þat a comloker knyȝt neuer Kryst made

hem þoȝt.

Page  25

Wheþen in worlde he were,

Hit semed as he moȝt

Be prynce withouten pere

In felde þer felle men foȝt.

A cheyer byfore þe chemné, þer charcole brenned,

Watz grayþed for Sir Gawan grayþely with cloþez,

Whyssynes vpon queldepoyntes þat koynt wer boþe;

And þenne a meré mantyle watz on þat mon cast

Of a broun bleeaunt, enbrauded ful ryche

And fayre furred wythinne with fellez of þe best,

Alle of ermyn in erde, his hode of þe same;

And he sete in þat settel semlych ryche,

And achaufed hym chefly, and þenne his cher mended.

Sone watz telded vp a tabil on trestez ful fayre,

Clad wyth a clene cloþe þat cler quyt schewed,

Sanap, and salure, and syluerin sponez. [folio 103r]

Þe wyȝe wesche at his wylle, and went to his mete.

Seggez hym serued semly innoȝe

Wyth sere sewes and sete, sesounde of þe best,

Double-felde, as hit fallez, and fele kyn fischez,

Summe baken in bred, summe brad on þe gledez,

Summe soþen, summe in sewe sauered with spyces,

And ay sawes so sleȝe þat þe segge lyked.

Þe freke calde hit a fest ful frely and ofte

Ful hendely, quen alle þe haþeles rehayted hym at onez,

'As hende,

Þis penaunce now ȝe take,

And eft hit schal amende.'

Þat mon much merþe con make,

For wyn in his hed þat wende.

Þenne watz spyed and spured vpon spare wyse

Bi preué poyntez of þat prynce, put to hymseluen,

Þat he beknew cortaysly of þe court þat he were

Þat aþel Arthure þe hende haldez hym one,

Þat is þe ryche ryal kyng of þe Rounde Table,

And hit watz Wawen hymself þat in þat won syttez,

Page  26

Comen to þat Krystmasse, as case hym þen lymped.

When þe lorde hade lerned þat he þe leude hade,

Loude laȝed he þerat, so lef hit hym þoȝt,

And alle þe men in þat mote maden much joye

To apere in his presense prestly þat tyme,

Þat alle prys and prowes and pured þewes

Apendes to hys persoun, and praysed is euer;

Byfore alle men vpon molde his mensk is þe most.

Vch segge ful softly sayde to his fere:

'Now schal we semlych se sleȝtez of þewez

And þe teccheles termes of talkyng noble,

Wich spede is in speche vnspurd may we lerne,

Syn we haf fonged þat fyne fader of nurture.

God hatz geuen vus his grace godly for soþe,

Þat such a gest as Gawan grauntez vus to haue,

When burnez blyþe of his burþe schal sitte

and synge.

In menyng of manerez mere [folio 103v]

Þis burne now schal vus bryng,

I hope þat may hym here

Schal lerne of luf-talkyng.'

Bi þat þe diner watz done and þe dere vp

Hit watz neȝ at þe niyȝt neȝed þe tyme.

Chaplaynez to þe chapeles chosen þe gate,

Rungen ful rychely, ryȝt as þay schulden,

To þe hersum euensong of þe hyȝe tyde.

Þe lorde loutes þerto, and þe lady als,

Into a cumly closet coyntly ho entrez.

Gawan glydez ful gay and gos þeder sone;

Þe lorde laches hym by þe lappe and ledez hym to sytte,

And couþly hym knowez and callez hym his nome,

And sayde he watz þe welcomest wyȝe of þe worlde;

And he hym þonkked þroly, and ayþer halched oþer,

And seten soberly samen þe seruise quyle.

Þenne lyst þe lady to loke on þe knyȝt,

Þenne com ho of hir closet with mony cler burdez.

Ho watz þe fayrest in felle, of flesche and of lyre,

And of compas and colour and costes, of alle oþer,

Page  27

And wener þen Wenore, as þe wyȝe þoȝt.

Ho ches þurȝ þe chaunsel to cheryche þat hende.

An oþer lady hir lad bi þe lyft honde,

Þat watz alder þen ho, an auncian hit semed,

And heȝly honowred with haþelez aboute.

Bot vnlyke on to loke þo ladyes were,

For if þe ȝonge watz ȝep, ȝolȝe watz þat oþer;

Riche red on þat on rayled ayquere,

Rugh ronkled chekez þat oþer on rolled;

Kerchofes of þat on, wyth mony cler perlez,

Hir brest and hir bryȝt þrote bare displayed,

Schon schyrer þen snawe þat schedez on hillez;

Þat oþer wyth a gorger watz gered ouer þe swyre,

Chymbled ouer hir blake chyn with chalkquyte vayles,

Hir frount folden in sylk, enfoubled ayquere,

Toreted and treleted with tryflez aboute, [folio 104r]

Þat noȝt watz bare of þat burde bot þe blake broȝes,

Þe tweyne yȝen and þe nase, þe naked lyppez,

And þose were soure to se and sellyly blered;

A mensk lady on molde mon may hir calle,

for Gode!

Hir body watz schort and þik,

Hir buttokez balȝ and brode,

More lykkerwys on to lyk

Watz þat scho hade on lode.

When Gawayn glyȝt on þat gay, þat graciously loked,

Wyth leue laȝt of þe lorde he lent hem aȝaynes;

Þe alder he haylses, heldande ful lowe,

Þe loueloker he lappez a lyttel in armez,

He kysses hir comlyly, and knyȝtly he melez.

Þay kallen hym of aquoyntaunce, and he hit quyk askez

To be her seruaunt sothly, if hemself lyked.

Þay tan hym bytwene hem, wyth talkyng hym leden

To chambre, to chemné, and chefly þay asken

Spycez, þat vnsparely men speded hom to bryng,

And þe wynnelych wyne þerwith vche tyme.

Þe lorde luflych aloft lepez ful ofte,

Page  28

Mynned merthe to be made vpon mony syþez,

Hent heȝly of his hode, and on a spere henged,

And wayned hom to wynne þe worchip þerof,

Þat most myrþe myȝt meue þat Crystenmas whyle--

'And I schal fonde, bi my fayth, to fylter wyth þe best

Er me wont þe wede, with help of my frendez.'

Þus wyth laȝande lotez þe lorde hit tayt makez,

For to glade Sir Gawayn with gomnez in halle

þat nyȝt,

Til þat hit watz tyme

Þe lord comaundet lyȝt;

Sir Gawen his leue con nyme

And to his bed hym diȝt.

On þe morne, as vch mon mynez þat tyme

Þat Dryȝtyn for oure destyné to deȝe watz borne,

Wele waxez in vche a won in worlde for his sake;

So did hit þere on þat day þurȝ dayntés mony: [folio 104v]

Boþe at mes and at mele messes ful quaynt

Derf men vpon dece drest of þe best.

Þe olde auncian wyf heȝest ho syttez,

Þe lorde lufly her by lent, as I trowe;

Gawan and þe gay burde togeder þay seten,

Euen inmyddez, as þe messe metely come,

And syþen þurȝ al þe sale as hem best semed.

Bi vche grome at his degré grayþely watz serued

Þer watz mete, þer watz myrþe, þer watz much ioye,

Þat for to telle þerof hit me tene were,

And to poynte hit ȝet I pyned me parauenture.

Bot ȝet I wot þat Wawen and þe wale burde

Such comfort of her compaynye caȝten togeder

Þurȝ her dere dalyaunce of her derne wordez,

Wyth clene cortays carp closed fro fylþe,

Þat hor play watz passande vche prynce gomen,

in vayres.

Trumpez and nakerys,

Much pypyng þer repayres;

Vche mon tented hys,

And þay two tented þayres.

Page  29

Much dut watz þer dryuen þat day and þat oþer,

And þe þryd as þro þronge in þerafter;

Þe ioye of sayn Jonez day watz gentyle to here,

And watz þe last of þe layk, leudez þer þoȝten.

Þer wer gestes to go vpon þe gray morne,

Forþy wonderly þay woke, and þe wyn dronken,

Daunsed ful dreȝly wyth dere carolez.

At þe last, when hit watz late, þay lachen her leue,

Vchon to wende on his way þat watz wyȝe stronge.

Gawan gef hym god day, þe godmon hym lachchez,

Ledes hym to his awen chambre, þe chymné bysyde,

And þere he draȝez hym on dryȝe, and derely hym þonkkez

Of þe wynne worschip þat he hym wayued hade,

As to honour his hous on þat hyȝe tyde,

And enbelyse his burȝ with his bele chere:

'Iwysse sir, quyl I leue, me worþez þe better [folio 105r]

Þat Gawayn hatz ben my gest at Goddez awen fest.'

'Grant merci, sir,' quoþ Gawayn, 'in god fayth hit is yowrez,

Al þe honour is your awen--þe heȝe kyng yow ȝelde!

And I am wyȝe at your wylle to worch youre hest,

As I am halden þerto, in hyȝe and in loȝe,

bi riȝt.'

Þe lorde fast can hym payne

To holde lenger þe knyȝt;

To hym answarez Gawayn

Bi non way þat he myȝt.

Then frayned þe freke ful fayre at himseluen

Quat derue dede had hym dryuen at þat dere tyme

So kenly fro þe kyngez kourt to kayre al his one,

Er þe halidayez holly were halet out of toun.

'For soþe, sir,' quoþ þe segge, 'ȝe sayn bot þe trawþe,

A heȝe ernde and a hasty me hade fro þo wonez,

For I am sumned myselfe to sech to a place,

I ne wot in worlde whederwarde to wende hit to fynde.

I nolde bot if I hit negh myȝt on Nw Ȝeres morne

For alle þe londe inwyth Logres, so me oure lorde help!

Forþy, sir, þis enquest I require yow here,

Þat ȝe me telle with trawþe if euer ȝe tale herde

Page  30

Of þe grene chapel, quere hit on grounde stondez,

And of þe knyȝt þat hit kepes, of colour of grene.

Þer watz stabled bi statut a steuen vus bytwene

To mete þat mon at þat mere, ȝif I myȝt last;

And of þat ilk Nw Ȝere bot neked now wontez,

And I wolde loke on þat lede, if God me let wolde,

Gladloker, bi Goddez sun, þen any god welde!

Forþi, iwysse, bi ȝowre wylle, wende me bihoues,

Naf I now to busy bot bare þre dayez,

And me als fayn to falle feye as fayly of myyn ernde.'

Þenne laȝande quoþ þe lorde, 'Now leng þe byhoues,

For I schal teche yow to þat terme bi þe tymez ende,

Þe grene chapayle vpon grounde greue yow no more;

Bot ȝe schal be in yowre bed, burne, at þyn ese,

Quyle forth dayez, and ferk on þe fyrst of þe ȝere, [folio 105v]

And cum to þat merk at mydmorn, to make quat yow likez

in spenne.

Dowellez whyle New Ȝeres daye,

And rys, and raykez þenne,

Mon schal yow sette in waye,

Hit is not two myle henne.'

Þenne watz Gawan ful glad, and gomenly he laȝed:

'Now I þonk yow þryuandely þurȝ alle oþer þynge,

Now acheued is my chaunce, I schal at your wylle

Dowelle, and ellez do quat ȝe demen.'

Þenne sesed hym þe syre and set hym bysyde,

Let þe ladiez be fette to lyke hem þe better.

Þer watz seme solace by hemself stille;

Þe lorde let for luf lotez so myry,

As wyȝ þat wolde of his wyte, ne wyst quat he myȝt.

Þenne he carped to þe knyȝt, criande loude,

'Ȝe han demed to do þe dede þat I bidde;

Wyl ȝe halde þis hes here at þys onez?'

'Ȝe, sir, for soþe,' sayd þe segge trwe,

'Whyl I byde in yowre borȝe, be bayn to ȝowre hest.'

'For ȝe haf trauayled,' quoþ þe tulk, 'towen fro ferre,

And syþen waked me wyth, ȝe arn not wel waryst

Nauþer of sostnaunce ne of slepe, soþly I knowe;

Page  31

Ȝe schal lenge in your lofte, and lyȝe in your ese

To-morn quyle þe messequyle, and to mete wende

When ȝe wyl, wyth my wyf, þat wyth yow schal sitte

And comfort yow with compayny, til I to cort torne;

ȝe lende,

And I schal erly ryse,

On huntyng wyl I wende.'

Gauayn grantez alle þyse,

Hym heldande, as þe hende.

'Ȝet firre,' quoþ þe freke, 'a forwarde we make:

Quat-so-euer I wynne in þe wod hit worþez to yourez,

And quat chek so ȝe acheue chaunge me þerforne.

Swete, swap we so, sware with trawþe,

Queþer, leude, so lymp, lere oþer better.'

'Bi God,' quoþ Gawayn þe gode, 'I grant þertylle, [folio 106r]

And þat yow lyst for to layke, lef hit me þynkes.'

'Who bryngez vus þis beuerage, þis bargayn is maked':

So sayde þe lorde of þat lede; þay laȝed vchone,

Þay dronken and daylyeden and dalten vntyȝtel,

Þise lordez and ladyez, quyle þat hem lyked;

And syþen with Frenkysch fare and fele fayre lotez

Þay stoden and stemed and stylly speken,

Kysten ful comlyly and kaȝten her leue.

With mony leude ful lyȝt and lemande torches

Vche burne to his bed watz broȝt at þe laste,

ful softe.

To bed ȝet er þay ȝede,

Recorded couenauntez ofte;

Þe olde lorde of þat leude

Cowþe wel halde layk alofte.

Passus III

Ful erly bifore þe day þe folk vprysen,

Gestes þat go wolde hor gromez þay calden,

And þay busken vp bilyue blonkkez to sadel,

Page  32

Tyffen her takles, trussen her males,

Richen hem þe rychest, to ryde alle arayde,

Lepen vp lyȝtly, lachen her brydeles,

Vche wyȝe on his way þer hym wel lyked.

Þe leue lorde of þe londe watz not þe last

Arayed for þe rydyng, with renkkez ful mony;

Ete a sop hastyly, when he hade herde masse,

With bugle to bent-felde he buskez bylyue.

By þat any daylyȝt lemed vpon erþe

He with his haþeles on hyȝe horsses weren.

Þenne þise cacheres þat couþe cowpled hor houndez,

Vnclosed þe kenel dore and calde hem þeroute,

Blwe bygly in buglez þre bare mote;

Braches bayed þerfore and breme noyse maked;

And þay chastysed and charred on chasyng þat went,

A hundreth of hunteres, as I haf herde telle,

of þe best.

To trystors vewters ȝod,

Couples huntes of kest; [folio 106v]

Þer ros for blastez gode

Gret rurd in þat forest.

At þe fyrst quethe of þe quest quaked þe wylde;

Der drof in þe dale, doted for drede,

Hiȝed to þe hyȝe, bot heterly þay were

Restayed with þe stablye, þat stoutly ascryed.

Þay let þe herttez haf þe gate, with þe hyȝe hedes,

Þe breme bukkez also with hor brode paumez;

For þe fre lorde hade defende in fermysoun tyme

Þat þer schulde no mon meue to þe male dere.

Þe hindez were halden in with hay! and war!

Þe does dryuen with gret dyn to þe depe sladez;

Þer myȝt mon se, as þay slypte, slentyng of arwes--

At vche wende vnder wande wapped a flone--

Þat bigly bote on þe broun with ful brode hedez.

What! þay brayen, and bleden, bi bonkkez þay deȝen,

And ay rachches in a res radly hem folȝes,

Hunterez wyth hyȝe horne hasted hem after

Wyth such a crakkande kry as klyffes haden brusten.

Page  33

What wylde so atwaped wyȝes þat schotten

Watz al toraced and rent at þe resayt,

Bi þay were tened at þe hyȝe and taysed to þe wattrez;

Þe ledez were so lerned at þe loȝe trysteres,

And þe grehoundez so grete, þat geten hem bylyue

And hem tofylched, as fast as frekez myȝt loke,

þer-ryȝt.

Þe lorde for blys abloy

Ful oft con launce and lyȝt,

And drof þat day wyth joy

Thus to þe derk nyȝt.

Þus laykez þis lorde by lynde-wodez euez,

And Gawayn þe god mon in gay bed lygez,

Lurkkez quyl þe daylyȝt lemed on þe wowes,

Vnder couertour ful clere, cortyned aboute;

And as in slomeryng he slode, sleȝly he herde

A littel dyn at his dor, and dernly vpon;

And he heuez vp his hed out of þe cloþes, [folio 107r]

A corner of þe cortyn he caȝt vp a lyttel,

And waytez warly þiderwarde quat hit be myȝt.

Hit watz þe ladi, loflyest to beholde,

Þat droȝ þe dor after hir ful dernly and stylle,

And boȝed towarde þe bed; and þe burne schamed,

And layde hym doun lystyly, and let as he slepte;

And ho stepped stilly and stel to his bedde,

Kest vp þe cortyn and creped withinne,

And set hir ful softly on þe bed-syde,

And lenged þere selly longe to loke quen he wakened.

Þe lede lay lurked a ful longe quyle,

Compast in his concience to quat þat cace myȝt

Meue oþer amount--to meruayle hym þoȝt,

Bot ȝet he sayde in hymself, 'More semly hit were

To aspye wyth my spelle in space quat ho wolde.'

Þen he wakenede, and wroth, and to hir warde torned,

And vnlouked his yȝe-lyddez, and let as hym wondered,

And sayned hym, as bi his saȝe þe sauer to worthe,

with hande.

Page  34

Wyth chynne and cheke ful swete,

Boþe quit and red in blande,

Ful lufly con ho lete

Wyth lyppez smal laȝande.

'God moroun, Sir Gawayn,' sayde þat gay lady,

'Ȝe ar a sleper vnslyȝe, þat mon may slyde hider;

Now ar ȝe tan as-tyt! Bot true vus may schape,

I schal bynde yow in your bedde, þat be ȝe trayst':

Al laȝande þe lady lanced þo bourdez.

'Goud moroun, gay,' quoþ Gawayn þe blyþe,

'Me schal worþe at your wille, and þat me wel lykez,

For I ȝelde me ȝederly, and ȝeȝe after grace,

And þat is þe best, be my dome, for me byhouez nede':

And þus he bourded aȝayn with mony a blyþe laȝter.

'Bot wolde ȝe, lady louely, þen leue me grante,

And deprece your prysoun, and pray hym to ryse,

I wolde boȝe of þis bed, and busk me better;

I schulde keuer þe more comfort to karp yow wyth.' [folio 107v]

'Nay for soþe, beau sir,' sayd þat swete,

'Ȝe schal not rise of your bedde, I rych yow better,

I schal happe yow here þat oþer half als,

And syþen karp wyth my knyȝt þat I kaȝt haue;

For I wene wel, iwysse, Sir Wowen ȝe are,

Þat alle þe worlde worchipez quere-so ȝe ride;

Your honour, your hendelayk is hendely praysed

With lordez, wyth ladyes, with alle þat lyf bere.

And now ȝe ar here, iwysse, and we bot oure one;

My lorde and his ledez ar on lenþe faren,

Oþer burnez in her bedde, and my burdez als,

Þe dor drawen and dit with a derf haspe;

And syþen I haue in þis hous hym þat al lykez,

I schal ware my whyle wel, quyl hit lastez,

with tale.

Ȝe ar welcum to my cors,

Yowre awen won to wale,

Me behouez of fyne force

Your seruaunt be, and schale.'

Page  35

'In god fayth,' quoþ Gawayn, 'gayn hit me þynkkez,

Þaȝ I be not now he þat ȝe of speken;

To reche to such reuerence as ȝe reherce here

I am wyȝe vnworþy, I wot wel myseluen.

Bi God, I were glad, and yow god þoȝt,

At saȝe oþer at seruyce þat I sette myȝt

To þe plesaunce of your prys--hit were a pure ioye.'

'In god fayth, Sir Gawayn,' quoþ þe gay lady,

'Þe prys and þe prowes þat plesez al oþer,

If I hit lakked oþer set at lyȝt, hit were littel daynté;

Bot hit ar ladyes innoȝe þat leuer wer nowþe

Haf þe, hende, in hor holde, as I þe habbe here,

To daly with derely your daynté wordez,

Keuer hem comfort and colen her carez,

Þen much of þe garysoun oþer golde þat þay hauen.

Bot I louue þat ilk lorde þat þe lyfte haldez,

I haf hit holly in my honde þat al desyres,

þurȝe grace.'

Scho made hym so gret chere, [folio 108r]

Þat watz so fayr of face,

Þe knyȝt with speches skere

Answared to vche a cace.

'Madame,' quoþ þe myry mon, 'Mary yow ȝelde,

For I haf founden, in god fayth, yowre fraunchis nobele,

And oþer ful much of oþer folk fongen bi hor dedez,

Bot þe daynté þat þay delen, for my disert nys euen,

Hit is þe worchyp of yourself, þat noȝt bot wel connez.'

'Bi Mary,' quoþ þe menskful, 'me þynk hit an oþer;

For were I worth al þe wone of wymmen alyue,

And al þe wele of þe worlde were in my honde,

And I schulde chepen and chose to cheue me a lorde,

For þe costes þat I haf knowen vpon þe, knyȝt, here,

Of bewté and debonerté and blyþe semblaunt,

And þat I haf er herkkened and halde hit here trwee,

Þer schulde no freke vpon folde bifore yow be chosen.'

'Iwysse, worþy,' quoþ þe wyȝe, 'ȝe haf waled wel better,

Bot I am proude of þe prys þat ȝe put on me,

And, soberly your seruaunt, my souerayn I holde yow,

Page  36

And yowre knyȝt I becom, and Kryst yow forȝelde.'

Þus þay meled of muchquat til mydmorn paste,

And ay þe lady let lyk as hym loued mych;

Þe freke ferde with defence, and feted ful fayre--

'Þaȝ I were burde bryȝtest', þe burde in mynde hade.

Þe lasse luf in his lode for lur þat he soȝt

boute hone,

Þe dunte þat schulde hym deue,

And nedez hit most be done.

Þe lady þenn spek of leue,

He granted hir ful sone.

Þenne ho gef hym god day, and wyth a glent laȝed,

And as ho stod, ho stonyed hym wyth ful stor wordez:

'Now he þat spedez vche spech þis disport ȝelde yow!

Bot þat ȝe be Gawan, hit gotz in mynde.'

'Querfore?' quoþ þe freke, and freschly he askez,

Ferde lest he hade fayled in fourme of his castes;

Bot þe burde hym blessed, and 'Bi þis skyl' sayde: [folio 108v]

'So god as Gawayn gaynly is halden,

And cortaysye is closed so clene in hymseluen,

Couth not lyȝtly haf lenged so long wyth a lady,

Bot he had craued a cosse, bi his courtaysye,

Bi sum towch of summe tryfle at sum talez ende.'

Þen quoþ Wowen: 'Iwysse, worþe as yow lykez;

I schal kysse at your comaundement, as a knyȝt fallez,

And fire, lest he displese yow, so plede hit no more.'

Ho comes nerre with þat, and cachez hym in armez,

Loutez luflych adoun and þe leude kyssez.

Þay comly bykennen to Kryst ayþer oþer;

Ho dos hir forth at þe dore withouten dyn more;

And he ryches hym to ryse and rapes hym sone,

Clepes to his chamberlayn, choses his wede,

Boȝez forth, quen he watz boun, blyþely to masse;

And þenne he meued to his mete þat menskly hym keped,

And made myry al day, til þe mone rysed,

with game.

Watz neuer freke fayrer fonge

Bitwene two so dyngne dame,

Page  37

Þe alder and þe ȝonge;

Much solace set þay same.

And ay þe lorde of þe londe is lent on his gamnez,

To hunt in holtez and heþe at hyndez barayne;

Such a sowme he þer slowe bi þat þe sunne heldet,

Of dos and of oþer dere, to deme were wonder.

Þenne fersly þay flokked in folk at þe laste,

And quykly of þe quelled dere a querré þay maked.

Þe best boȝed þerto with burnez innoghe,

Gedered þe grattest of gres þat þer were,

And didden hem derely vndo as þe dede askez;

Serched hem at þe asay summe þat þer were,

Two fyngeres þay fonde of þe fowlest of alle.

Syþen þay slyt þe slot, sesed þe erber,

Schaued wyth a scharp knyf, and þe schyre knitten;

Syþen rytte þay þe foure lymmes, and rent of þe hyde,

Þen brek þay þe balé, þe bowelez out token [folio 109r]

Lystily for laucyng þe lere of þe knot;

Þay gryped to þe gargulun, and grayþely departed

Þe wesaunt fro þe wynt-hole, and walt out þe guttez;

Þen scher þay out þe schulderez with her scharp knyuez,

Haled hem by a lyttel hole to haue hole sydes.

Siþen britned þay þe brest and brayden hit in twynne,

And eft at þe gargulun bigynez on þenne,

Ryuez hit vp radly ryȝt to þe byȝt,

Voydez out þe avanters, and verayly þerafter

Alle þe rymez by þe rybbez radly þay lance;

So ryde þay of by resoun bi þe rygge bonez,

Euenden to þe haunche, þat henged alle samen,

And heuen hit vp al hole, and hwen hit of þere,

And þat þay neme for þe noumbles bi nome, as I trowe,

bi kynde;

Bi þe byȝt al of þe þyȝes

Þe lappez þay lance bihynde;

To hewe hit in two þay hyȝes,

Bi þe bakbon to vnbynde.

Boþe þe hede and þe hals þay hwen of þenne,

And syþen sunder þay þe sydez swyft fro þe chyne,

Page  38

And þe corbeles fee þay kest in a greue;

Þenn þurled þay ayþer þik side þurȝ bi þe rybbe,

And henged þenne ayþer bi hoȝez of þe fourchez,

Vche freke for his fee, as fallez for to haue.

Vpon a felle of þe fayre best fede þay þayr houndes

Wyth þe lyuer and þe lyȝtez, þe leþer of þe paunchez,

And bred baþed in blod blende þeramongez.

Baldely þay blw prys, bayed þayr rachchez,

Syþen fonge þay her flesche, folden to home,

Strakande ful stoutly mony stif motez.

Bi þat þe daylyȝt watz done þe douthe watz al wonen

Into þe comly castel, þer þe knyȝt bidez

ful stille,

Wyth blys and bryȝt fyr bette.

Þe lorde is comen þertylle;

When Gawayn wyth hym mette

Þer watz bot wele at wylle. [folio 109v]

Thenne comaunded þe lorde in þat sale to samen alle þe meny,

Boþe þe ladyes on loghe to lyȝt with her burdes

Bifore alle þe folk on þe flette, frekez he beddez

Verayly his venysoun to fech hym byforne,

And al godly in gomen Gawayn he called,

Techez hym to þe tayles of ful tayt bestes,

Schewez hym þe schyree grece schorne vpon rybbes.

'How payez yow þis play? Haf I prys wonnen?

Haue I þryuandely þonk þurȝ my craft serued?'

'Ȝe iwysse,' quoþ þat oþer wyȝe, 'here is wayth fayrest

Þat I seȝ þis seuen ȝere in sesoun of wynter.'

'And al I gif yow, Gawayn,' quoþ þe gome þenne,

'For by acorde of couenaunt ȝe craue hit as your awen.'

'Þis is soth,' quoþ þe segge, 'I say yow þat ilke:

Þat I haf worthyly wonnen þis wonez wythinne,

Iwysse with as god wylle hit worþez to ȝourez.'

He hasppez his fayre hals his armez wythinne,

And kysses hym as comlyly as he couþe awyse:

Page  39

'Tas yow þere my cheuicaunce, I cheued no more;

I wowche hit saf fynly, þaȝ feler hit were.'

'Hit is god,' quoþ þe godmon, 'grant mercy þerfore.

Hit may be such hit is þe better, and ȝe me breue wolde

Where ȝe wan þis ilk wele bi wytte of yorseluen.'

'Þat watz not forward,' quoþ he, 'frayst me no more.

For ȝe haf tan þat yow tydez, trawe non oþer

ȝe mowe.'

Þay laȝed, and made hem blyþe

Wyth lotez þat were to lowe;

To soper þay ȝede as-swyþe,

Wyth dayntés nwe innowe.

And syþen by þe chymné in chamber þay seten,

Wyȝez þe walle wyn weȝed to hem oft,

And efte in her bourdyng þay bayþen in þe morn

To fylle þe same forwardez þat þay byfore maden:

Wat chaunce so bytydez hor cheuysaunce to chaunge,

What nwez so þay nome, at naȝt quen þay metten.

Þay acorded of þe couenauntez byfore þe court alle; [folio 110r]

Þe beuerage watz broȝt forth in bourde at þat tyme,

Þenne þay louelych leȝten leue at þe last,

Vche burne to his bedde busked bylyue.

Bi þat þe coke hade crowen and cakled bot þryse,

Þe lorde watz lopen of his bedde, þe leudez vchone;

So þat þe mete and þe masse watz metely delyuered,

Þe douthe dressed to þe wod, er any day sprenged,

to chace;

Heȝ with hunte and hornez

Þurȝ playnez þay passe in space,

Vncoupled among þo þornez

Rachez þat ran on race.

SONE þay calle of a quest in a ker syde,

Þe hunt rehayted þe houndez þat hit fyrst mynged,

Wylde wordez hym warp wyth a wrast noyce;

Þe howndez þat hit herde hastid þider swyþe,

And fellen as fast to þe fuyt, fourty at ones;

Page  40

Þenne such a glauer ande glam of gedered rachchez

Ros, þat þe rocherez rungen aboute;

Hunterez hem hardened with horne and wyth muthe.

Þen al in a semblé sweyed togeder,

Bitwene a flosche in þat fryth and a foo cragge;

In a knot bi a clyffe, at þe kerre syde,

Þer as þe rogh rocher vnrydely watz fallen,

Þay ferden to þe fyndyng, and frekez hem after;

Þay vmbekesten þe knarre and þe knot boþe,

Wyȝez, whyl þay wysten wel wythinne hem hit were,

Þe best þat þer breued watz wyth þe blodhoundez.

Þenne þay beten on þe buskez, and bede hym vpryse,

And he vnsoundyly out soȝt seggez ouerþwert;

On þe sellokest swyn swenged out þere,

Long sythen fro þe sounder þat siȝed for olde,

For he watz breme, bor alþer-grattest,

Ful grymme quen he gronyed; þenne greued mony,

For þre at þe fyrst þrast he þryȝt to þe erþe,

And sparred forth good sped boute spyt more.

Þise oþer halowed hyghe! ful hyȝe, and hay! hay! cryed, [folio 110v]

Haden hornez to mouþe, heterly rechated;

Mony watz þe myry mouthe of men and of houndez

Þat buskkez after þis bor with bost and wyth noyse

to quelle.

Ful oft he bydez þe baye,

And maymez þe mute inn melle;

He hurtez of þe houndez, and þay

Ful ȝomerly ȝaule and ȝelle.

Schalkez to schote at hym schowen to þenne,

Haled to hym of her arewez, hitten hym oft;

Bot þe poyntez payred at þe pyth þat pyȝt in his scheldez,

And þe barbez of his browe bite non wolde--

Þaȝ þe schauen schaft schyndered in pecez,

Þe hede hypped aȝayn were-so-euer hit hitte.

Page  41

Bot quen þe dyntez hym dered of her dryȝe strokez,

Þen, braynwod for bate, on burnez he rasez,

Hurtez hem ful heterly þer he forth hyȝez,

And mony arȝed þerat, and on lyte droȝen.

Bot þe lorde on a lyȝt horce launces hym after,

As burne bolde vpon bent his bugle he blowez,

He rechated, and rode þurȝ ronez ful þyk,

Suande þis wylde swyn til þe sunne schafted.

Þis day wyth þis ilk dede þay dryuen on þis wyse,

Whyle oure luflych lede lys in his bedde,

Gawayn grayþely at home, in gerez ful ryche

of hewe.

Þe lady noȝt forȝate,

Com to hym to salue;

Ful erly ho watz hym ate

His mode for to remwe.

Ho commes to þe cortyn, and at þe knyȝt totes.

Sir Wawen her welcumed worþy on fyrst,

And ho hym ȝeldez aȝayn ful ȝerne of hir wordez,

Settez hir softly by his syde, and swyþely ho laȝez,

And wyth a luflych loke ho layde hym þyse wordez:

'Sir, ȝif ȝe be Wawen, wonder me þynkkez,

Wyȝe þat is so wel wrast alway to god,

And connez not of compaynye þe costez vndertake, [folio 111r]

And if mon kennes yow hom to knowe, ȝe kest hom of your mynde;

Þou hatz forȝeten ȝederly þat ȝisterday I taȝtte

Bi alder-truest token of talk þat I cowþe.'

'What is þat?' quoþ þe wyghe, 'Iwysse I wot neuer;

If hit be sothe þat ȝe breue, þe blame is myn awen.'

'Ȝet I kende yow of kyssyng,' quoþ þe clere þenne,

'Quere-so countenaunce is couþe quikly to clayme;

Þat bicumes vche a knyȝt þat cortaysy vses.'

'Do way,' quoþ þat derf mon, 'my dere, þat speche,

For þat durst I not do, lest I deuayed were;

If I were werned, I were wrang, iwysse, ȝif I profered.'

'Ma fay,' quoþ þe meré wyf, 'ȝe may not be werned,

Page  42

Ȝe ar stif innoghe to constrayne wyth strenkþe, ȝif yow lykez,

Ȝif any were so vilanous þat yow devaye wolde.'

'Ȝe, be God,' quoþ Gawayn, 'good is your speche,

Bot þrete is vnþryuande in þede þer I lende,

And vche gift þat is geuen not with goud wylle.

I am at your comaundement, to kysse quen yow lykez,

Ȝe may lach quen yow lyst, and leue quen yow þynkkez,

in space.'

Þe lady loutez adoun,

And comlyly kysses his face,

Much speche þay þer expoun

Of druryes greme and grace.

'I woled wyt at yow, wyȝe,' þat worþy þer sayde,

'And yow wrathed not þerwyth, what were þe skylle

Þat so ȝong and so ȝepe as ȝe at þis tyme,

So cortayse, so knyȝtyly, as ȝe ar knowen oute--

And of alle cheualry to chose, þe chef þyng alosed

Is þe lel layk of luf, þe lettrure of armes;

For to telle of þis teuelyng of þis trwe knyȝtez,

Hit is þe tytelet token and tyxt of her werkkez,

How ledes for her lele luf hor lyuez han auntered,

Endured for her drury dulful stoundez,

And after wenged with her walour and voyded her care,

And broȝt blysse into boure with bountees hor awen--

And ȝe ar knyȝt comlokest kyd of your elde, [folio 111v]

Your worde and your worchip walkez ayquere,

And I haf seten by yourself here sere twyes,

Ȝet herde I neuer of your hed helde no wordez

Þat euer longed to luf, lasse ne more;

And ȝe, þat ar so cortays and coynt of your hetes,

Oghe to a ȝonke þynk ȝern to schewe

And teche sum tokenez of trweluf craftes.

Why! ar ȝe lewed, þat alle þe los weldez?

Oþer elles ȝe demen me to dille your dalyaunce to herken?

For schame!

I com hider sengel, and sitte

To lerne at yow sum game;

Page  43

Dos, techez me of your wytte,

Whil my lorde is fro hame.'

'In goud fayþe,' quoþ Gawayn, 'God yow forȝelde!

Gret is þe gode gle, and gomen to me huge,

Þat so worþy as ȝe wolde wynne hidere,

And pyne yow with so pouer a mon, as play wyth your knyȝt

With anyskynnez countenaunce, hit keuerez me ese;

Bot to take þe toruayle to myself to trwluf expoun,

And towche þe temez of tyxt and talez of armez

To yow þat, I wot wel, weldez more slyȝt

Of þat art, bi þe half, or a hundreth of seche

As I am, oþer euer schal, in erde þer I leue,

Hit were a folé felefolde, my fre, by my trawþe.

I wolde yowre wylnyng worche at my myȝt,

As I am hyȝly bihalden, and euermore wylle

Be seruaunt to yourseluen, so saue me Dryȝtyn!'

Þus hym frayned þat fre, and fondet hym ofte,

For to haf wonnen hym to woȝe, what-so scho þoȝt ellez;

Bot he defended hym so fayr þat no faut semed,

Ne non euel on nawþer halue, nawþer þay wysten

bot blysse.

Þay laȝed and layked longe;

At þe last scho con hym kysse,

Hir leue fayre con scho fonge

And went hir waye, iwysse.

Then ruþes hym þe renk and ryses to þe masse, [folio 112r]

And siþen hor diner watz dyȝt and derely serued.

Þe lede with þe ladyez layked alle day,

Bot þe lorde ouer þe londez launced ful ofte,

Swez his vncely swyn, þat swyngez bi þe bonkkez

And bote þe best of his brachez þe bakkez in sunder

Þer he bode in his bay, tel bawemen hit breken,

And madee hym mawgref his hed for to mwe vtter,

So felle flonez þer flete when þe folk gedered.

Bot ȝet þe styffest to start bi stoundez he made,

Til at þe last he watz so mat he myȝt no more renne,

Bot in þe hast þat he myȝt he to a hole wynnez

Of a rasse bi a rokk þer rennez þe boerne.

Page  44

He gete þe bonk at his bak, bigynez to scrape,

Þe froþe femed at his mouth vnfayre bi þe wykez,

Whettez his whyte tuschez; with hym þen irked

Alle þe burnez so bolde þat hym by stoden

To nye hym on-ferum, bot neȝe hym non durst

for woþe;

He hade hurt so mony byforne

Þat al þuȝt þenne ful loþe

Be more wyth his tusches torne,

Þat breme watz and braynwod bothe,

Til þe knyȝt com hymself, kachande his blonk,

Syȝ hym byde at þe bay, his burnez bysyde;

He lyȝtes luflych adoun, leuez his corsour,

Braydez out a bryȝt bront and bigly forth strydez,

Foundez fast þurȝ þe forth þer þe felle bydez.

Þe wylde watz war of þe wyȝe with weppen in honde,

Hef hyȝly þe here, so hetterly he fnast

Þat fele ferde for þe freke, lest felle hym þe worre.

Þe swyn settez hym out on þe segge euen,

Þat þe burne and þe bor were boþe vpon hepez

In þe wyȝtest of þe water; þe worre hade þat oþer,

For þe mon merkkez hym wel, as þay mette fyrst,

Set sadly þe scharp in þe slot euen,

Hit hym vp to þe hult, þat þe hert schyndered,

And he ȝarrande hym ȝelde, and ȝedoun þe water [folio 112v]

ful tyt.

A hundreth houndez hym hent,

Þat bremely con hym bite,

Burnez him broȝt to bent,

And doggez to dethe endite.

There watz blawyng of prys in mony breme horne,

Heȝe halowing on hiȝe with haþelez þat myȝt;

Brachetes bayed þat best, as bidden þe maysterez

Of þat chargeaunt chace þat were chef huntes.

Þenne a wyȝe þat watz wys vpon wodcraftez

To vnlace þis bor lufly bigynnez.

Fyrst he hewes of his hed and on hiȝe settez,

Page  45

And syþen rendez him al roghe bi þe rygge after,

Braydez out þe boweles, brennez hom on glede,

With bred blent þerwith his braches rewardez.

Syþen he britnez out þe brawen in bryȝt brode cheldez,

And hatz out þe hastlettez, as hiȝtly bisemez;

And ȝet hem halchez al hole þe haluez togeder,

And syþen on a stif stange stoutly hem henges.

Now with þis ilk swyn þay swengen to home;

Þe bores hed watz borne bifore þe burnes seluen

Þat him forferde in þe forþe þurȝ forse of his honde

so stronge.

Til he seȝ Sir Gawayne

In halle hym poȝt ful longe;

He calde, and he com gayn

His feez þer for to fonge.

Þe lorde ful lowde with lote and laȝter myry,

When he seȝe Sir Gawayn, with solace he spekez;

Þe goude ladyez were geten, and gedered þe meyny,

He schewez hem þe scheldez, and schapes hem þe tale

Of þe largesse and þe lenþe, þe liþernez alse

Of þe were of þe wylde swyn in wod þer he fled.

Þat oþer knyȝt ful comly comended his dedez,

And praysed hit as gret prys þat he proued hade,

For suche a brawne of a best, þe bolde burne sayde,

Ne such sydes of a swyn segh he neuer are.

Þenne hondeled þay þe hoge hed, þe hende mon hit praysed, [folio 113r]

And let lodly þerat þe lorde for to here.

'Now, Gawayn,' quoþ þe godmon, 'þis gomen is your awen

Bi fyn forwarde and faste, faythely ȝe knowe.'

'Hit is sothe,' quoþ þe segge, 'and as siker trwe

Alle my get I schal yow gif agayn, bi my trawþe.'

He hent þe haþel aboute þe halse, and hendely hym kysses,

And eftersones of þe same he serued hym þere.

'Now ar we euen,' quoþ þe haþel, 'in þis euentide

Of alle þe couenauntes þat we knyt, syþen I com hider,

bi lawe.'

Þe lorde sayde, 'Bi saynt Gile,

Ȝe ar þe best þat I knowe!

Page  46

Ȝe ben ryche in a whyle,

Such chaffer and ȝe drowe.'

Þenne þay teldet tablez trestes alofte,

Kesten cloþen vpon; clere lyȝt þenne

Wakned bi woȝez, waxen torches;

Seggez sette and serued in sale al aboute;

Much glam and gle glent vp þerinne

Aboute þe fyre vpon flet, and on fele wyse

At þe soper and after, mony aþel songez,

As coundutes of Krystmasse and carolez newe

With al þe manerly merþe þat mon may of telle,

And euer oure luflych knyȝt þe lady bisyde.

Such semblaunt to þat segge semly ho made

Wyth stille stollen countenaunce, þat stalworth to plese,

Þat al forwondered watz þe wyȝe, and wroth with hymseluen,

Bot he nolde not for his nurture nurne hir aȝaynez,

Bot dalt with hir al in daynté, how-se-euer þe dede turned

towrast.

Quen þay hade played in halle

As longe as hor wylle hom last,

To chambre he con hym calle,

And to þe chemné þay past.

Ande þer þay dronken, and dalten, and demed eft nwe

To norne on þe same note on Nwe Ȝerez euen;

Bot þe knyȝt craued leue to kayre on þe morn,

For hit watz neȝ at þe terme þat he to schulde. [folio 113v]

Þe lorde hym letted of þat, to lenge hym resteyed,

And sayde, 'As I am trwe segge, I siker my trawþe

Þou schal cheue to þe grene chapel þy charres to make,

Leude, on Nw Ȝerez lyȝt, longe bifore pryme.

Forþy þow lye in þy loft and lach þyn ese,

And I schal hunt in þis holt, and halde þe towchez,

Chaunge wyth þe cheuisaunce, bi þat I charre hider;

For I haf fraysted þe twys, and faythful I fynde þe.

Now "þrid tyme þrowe best" þenk on þe morne,

Make we mery quyl we may and mynne vpon joye,

For þe lur may mon lach when-so mon lykez.'

Þis watz grayþely graunted, and Gawayn is lenged,

Page  47

Bliþe broȝt watz hym drynk, and þay to bedde ȝeden

with liȝt.

Sir Gawayn lis and slepes

Ful stille and softe al niȝt;

Þe lorde þat his craftez kepes,

Ful erly he watz diȝt.

After messe a morsel he and his men token;

Miry watz þe mornyng, his mounture he askes.

Alle þe haþeles þat on horse schulde helden hym after

Were boun busked on hor blonkkez bifore þe halle ȝatez.

Ferly fayre watz þe folde, for þe forst clenged;

In rede rudede vpon rak rises þe sunne,

And ful clere costez þe clowdes of þe welkyn.

Hunteres vnhardeled bi a holt syde,

Rocheres roungen bi rys for rurde of her hornes;

Summe fel in þe fute þer þe fox bade,

Traylez ofte a traueres bi traunt of her wyles;

A kenet kyres þerof, þe hunt on hym calles;

His felaȝes fallen hym to, þat fnasted ful þike,

Runnen forth in a rabel in his ryȝt fare,

And he fyskez hem byfore; þay founden hym sone,

And quen þay seghe hym with syȝt þay sued hym fast,

Wreȝande hym ful weterly with a wroth noyse;

And he trantes and tornayeez þurȝ mony tene greue,

Hauilounez, and herkenez bi heggez ful ofte. [folio 114r]

At þe last bi a littel dich he lepez ouer a spenne,

Stelez out ful stilly bi a strothe rande,

Went haf wylt of þe wode with wylez fro þe houndes;

Þenne watz he went, er he wyst, to a wale tryster,

Þer þre þro at a þrich þrat hym at ones,

al graye.

He blenched aȝayn bilyue

And stifly start on-stray,

With alle þe wo on lyue

To þe wod he went away.

Page  48

Thenne watz hit list vpon lif to lyþen þe houndez,

When alle þe mute hade hym met, menged togeder:

Suche a sorȝe at þat syȝt þay sette on his hede

As alle þe clamberande clyffes hade clatered on hepes;

Here he watz halawed, when haþelez hym metten,

Loude he watz ȝayned with ȝarande speche;

Þer he watz þreted and ofte þef called,

And ay þe titleres at his tayl, þat tary he ne myȝt;

Ofte he watz runnen at, when he out rayked,

And ofte reled in aȝayn, so Reniarde watz wylé.

And ȝe he lad hem bi lagmon, þe lorde and his meyny,

On þis maner bi þe mountes quyle myd-ouer-vnder,

Whyle þe hende knyȝt at home holsumly slepes

Withinne þe comly cortynes, on þe colde morne.

Bot þe lady for luf let not to slepe,

Ne þe purpose to payre þat pyȝt in hir hert,

Bot ros hir vp radly, rayked hir þeder

In a mery mantyle, mete to þe erþe,

Þat watz furred ful fyne with fellez wel pured,

No hwef goud on hir hede bot þe haȝer stones

Trased aboute hir tressour be twenty in clusteres;

Hir þryuen face and hir þrote þrowen al naked,

Hir brest bare bifore, and bihinde eke.

Ho comez withinne þe chambre dore, and closes hit hir after,

Wayuez vp a wyndow, and on þe wyȝe callez,

And radly þus rehayted hym with hir riche wordes,

with chere:

'A! mon, how may þou slepe, [folio 114v]

Þis morning is so clere?'

He watz in drowping depe,

Bot þenne he con hir here.

In dreȝ droupyng of dreme draueled þat noble,

As mon þat watz in mornyng of mony þro þoȝtes,

How þat destiné schulde þat day dele hym his wyrde

At þe grene chapel, when he þe gome metes,

And bihoues his buffet abide withoute debate more;

Bot quen þat comly com he keuered his wyttes,

Page  49

Swenges out of þe sweuenes, and swarez with hast.

Þe lady luflych com laȝande swete,

Felle ouer his fayre face, and fetly hym kyssed;

He welcumez hir worþily with a wale chere.

He seȝ hir so glorious and gayly atyred,

So fautles of hir fetures and of so fyne hewes,

Wiȝt wallande joye warmed his hert.

With smoþe smylyng and smolt þay smeten into merþe,

Þat al watz blis and bonchef þat breke hem bitwene,

and wynne.

Þay lanced wordes gode,

Much wele þen watz þerinne;

Gret perile bitwene hem stod,

Nif Maré of hir knyȝt mynne.

For þat prynces of pris depresed hym so þikke,

Nurned hym so neȝe þe þred, þat nede hym bihoued

Oþer lach þer hir luf, oþer lodly refuse.

He cared for his cortaysye, lest craþayn he were,

And more for his meschef ȝif he schulde make synne,

And be traytor to þat tolke þat þat telde aȝt.

'God schylde,' quoþ þe schalk, 'þat schal not befalle!'

With luf-laȝyng a lyt he layd hym bysyde

Alle þe spechez of specialté þat sprange of her mouthe.

Quoþ þat burde to þe burne, 'Blame ȝe disserue,

Ȝif ȝe luf not þat lyf þat ȝe lye nexte,

Bifore alle þe wyȝez in þe worlde wounded in hert,

Bot if ȝe haf a lemman, a leuer, þat yow lykez better,

And folden fayth to þat fre, festned so harde [folio 115r]

Þat yow lausen ne lyst--and þat I leue nouþe;

And þat ȝe telle me þat now trwly I pray yow,

For alle þe lufez vpon lyue layne not þe soþe

for gile.'

Þe knyȝt sayde, 'Be sayn Jon,'

And smeþely con he smyle,

'In fayth I welde riȝt non,

Ne non wil welde þe quile.'

'Þat is a worde,' quoþ þat wyȝt, 'þat worst is of alle,

Page  50

Bot I am swared for soþe, þat sore me þinkkez.

Kysse me now comly, and I schal cach heþen,

I may bot mourne vpon molde, as may þat much louyes.'

Sykande ho sweȝe doun and semly hym kyssed,

And siþen ho seueres hym fro, and says as ho stondes,

'Now, dere, at þis departyng do me þis ese,

Gif me sumquat of þy gifte, þi gloue if hit were,

Þat I may mynne on þe, mon, my mournyng to lassen.'

'Now iwysse,' quoþ þat wyȝe, 'I wolde I hade here

Þe leuest þing for þy luf þat I in londe welde,

For ȝe haf deserued, for soþe, sellyly ofte

More rewarde bi resoun þen I reche myȝt;

Bot to dele yow for drurye þat dawed bot neked,

Hit is not your honour to haf at þis tyme

A gloue for a garysoun of Gawaynez giftez,

And I am here an erande in erdez vncouþe,

And haue no men wyth no malez with menskful þingez;

Þat mislykez me, ladé, for luf at þis tyme,

Iche tolke mon do as he is tan, tas to non ille

ne pine.'

'Nay, hende of hyȝe honours,'

Quoþ þat lufsum vnder lyne,

'Þaȝ I hade noȝt of yourez,

Ȝet schulde ȝe haue of myne.'

Ho raȝt hym a riche rynk of red golde werkez,

Wyth a starande ston stondande alofte

Þat bere blusschande bemez as þe bryȝt sunne;

Wyt ȝe wel, hit watz worth wele ful hoge.

Bot þe renk hit renayed, and redyly he sayde, [folio 115v]

'I wil no giftez, for Gode, my gay, at þis tyme;

I haf none yow to norne, ne noȝt wyl I take.'

Ho bede hit hym ful bysily, and he hir bode wernes,

And swere swyfte by his sothe þat he hit sese nolde,

And ho soré þat he forsoke, and sayde þerafter,

'If ȝe renay my rynk, to ryche for hit semez,

Ȝe wolde not so hyȝly halden be to me,

I schal gif yow my girdel, þat gaynes yow lasse.'

Page  51

Ho laȝt a lace lyȝtly þat leke vmbe hir sydez,

Knit vpon hir kyrtel vnder þe clere mantyle,

Gered hit watz with grene sylke and with golde schaped,

Noȝt bot arounde brayden, beten with fyngrez;

And þat ho bede to þe burne, and blyþely bisoȝt,

Þaȝ hit vnworþi were, þat he hit take wolde.

And he nay þat he nolde neghe in no wyse

Nauþer golde ne garysoun, er God hym grace sende

To acheue to þe chaunce þat he hade chosen þere.

'And þerfore, I pray yow, displese yow noȝt,

And lettez be your bisinesse, for I bayþe hit yow neuer

to graunte;

I am derely to yow biholde

Bicause of your sembelaunt,

And euer in hot and colde

To be your trwe seruaunt.'

'Now forsake ȝe þis silke,' sayde þe burde þenne,

'For hit is symple in hitself? And so hit wel semez.

Lo! so hit is littel, and lasse hit is worþy;

Bot who-so knew þe costes þat knit ar þerinne,

He wolde hit prayse at more prys, parauenture;

For quat gome so is gorde with þis grene lace,

While he hit hade hemely halched aboute,

Þer is no haþel vnder heuen tohewe hym þat myȝt,

For he myȝt not be slayn for slyȝt vpon erþe.'

Þen kest þe knyȝt, and hit come to his hert

Hit were a juel for þe jopardé þat hym iugged were:

When he acheued to þe chapel his chek for to fech,

Myȝt he haf slypped to be vnslayn, þe sleȝt were noble. [folio 116r]

Þenne he þulged with hir þrepe and þoled hir to speke,

And ho bere on hym þe belt and bede hit hym swyþe--

And he granted and hym gafe with a goud wylle--

And bisoȝt hym, for hir sake, disceuer hit neuer,

Bot to lelly layne fro hir lorde; þe leude hym acordez

Þat neuer wyȝe schulde hit wyt, iwysse, bot þay twayne

for noȝte;

He þonkked hir oft ful swyþe,

Ful þro with hert and þoȝt.

Page  52

Bi þat on þrynne syþe

Ho hatz kyst þe knyȝt so toȝt.

Thenne lachchez ho hir leue, and leuez hym þere,

For more myrþe of þat mon moȝt ho not gete.

When ho watz gon, Sir Gawayn gerez hym sone,

Rises and riches hym in araye noble,

Lays vp þe luf-lace þe lady hym raȝt,

Hid hit ful holdely, þer he hit eft fonde.

Syþen cheuely to þe chapel choses he þe waye,

Preuély aproched to a prest, and prayed hym þere

Þat he wolde lyste his lyf and lern hym better

How his sawle schulde be saued when he schuld seye heþen.

Þere he schrof hym schyrly and schewed his mysdedez,

Of þe more and þe mynne, and merci besechez,

And of absolucioun he on þe segge calles;

And he asoyled hym surely and sette hym so clene

As domezday schulde haf ben diȝt on þe morn.

And syþen he mace hym as mery among þe fre ladyes,

With comlych caroles and alle kynnes ioye,

As neuer he did bot þat daye, to þe derk nyȝt,

with blys.

Vche mon hade daynté þare

Of hym, and sayde, 'Iwysse,

Þus myry he watz neuer are,

Syn he com hider, er þis.'

Now hym lenge in þat lee, þer luf hym bityde!

Ȝet is þe lorde on þe launde ledande his gomnes.

He hatz forfaren þis fox þat he folȝed longe;

As he sprent ouer a spenne to spye þe schrewe, [folio 116v]

Þer as he herd þe howndes þat hasted hym swyþe,

Renaud com richchande þurȝ a roȝe greue,

And alle þe rabel in a res ryȝt at his helez.

Þe wyȝe watz war of þe wylde, and warly abides,

And braydez out þe bryȝt bronde, and at þe best castez.

And he schunt for þe scharp, and schulde haf arered;

A rach rapes hym to, ryȝt er he myȝt,

And ryȝt bifore þe hors fete þay fel on hym alle,

Page  53

And woried me þis wyly wyth a wroth noyse.

Þe lorde lyȝtez bilyue, and lachez hym sone,

Rased hym ful radly out of þe rach mouþes,

Haldez heȝe ouer his hede, halowez faste,

And þer bayen hym mony braþ houndez.

Huntes hyȝed hem þeder with hornez ful mony,

Ay rechatande aryȝt til þay þe renk seȝen.

Bi þat watz comen his compeyny noble,

Alle þat euer ber bugle blowed at ones,

And alle þise oþer halowed þat hade no hornes;

Hit watz þe myriest mute þat euer men herde,

Þe rich rurd þat þer watz raysed for Renaude saule

with lote.

Hor houndez þay þer rewarde,

Her hedez þay fawne and frote,

And syþen þay tan Reynarde,

And tyruen of his cote.

And þenne þay helden to home, for hit watz nieȝ nyȝt,

Strakande ful stoutly in hor store hornez.

Þe lorde is lyȝt at þe laste at hys lef home,

Fyndez fire vpon flet, þe freke þer-byside,

Sir Gawayn þe gode, þat glad watz withalle,

Among þe ladies for luf he ladde much ioye;

He were a bleaunt of blwe þat bradde to þe erþe,

His surkot semed hym wel þat softe watz forred,

And his hode of þat ilke henged on his schulder,

Blande al of blaunner were boþe al aboute.

He metez me þis godmon inmyddez þe flore,

And al with gomen he hym gret, and goudly he sayde,

'I schal fylle vpon fyrst oure forwardez nouþe, [folio 117r]

Þat we spedly han spoken, þer spared watz no drynk.'

Þen acoles he þe knyȝt and kysses hym þryes,

As sauerly and sadly as he hem sette couþe.

'Bi Kryst,' quoþ þat oþer knyȝt, 'Ȝe cach much sele

In cheuisaunce of þis chaffer, ȝif ȝe hade goud chepez.'

'Ȝe, of þe chepe no charg,' quoþ chefly þat oþer,

'As is pertly payed þe chepez þat I aȝte.'

Page  54

'Mary,' quoþ þat oþer mon, 'myn is bihynde,

For I haf hunted al þis day, and noȝt haf I geten

Bot þis foule fox felle--þe fende haf þe godez!--

And þat is ful pore for to pay for suche prys þinges

As ȝe haf þryȝt me here þro, suche þre cosses

so gode.'

'Inoȝ,' quoþ Sir Gawayn,

'I þonk yow, bi þe rode',

And how þe fox watz slayn

He tolde hym as þay stode.

With merþe and mynstralsye, with metez at hor wylle,

Þay maden as mery as any men moȝten--

With laȝyng of ladies, with lotez of bordes

Gawayn and þe godemon so glad were þay boþe--

Bot if þe douthe had doted, oþer dronken ben oþer.

Boþe þe mon and þe meyny maden mony iapez,

Til þe sesoun watz seȝen þat þay seuer moste;

Burnez to hor bedde behoued at þe laste.

Þenne loȝly his leue at þe lorde fyrst

Fochchez þis fre mon, and fayre he hym þonkkez:

'Of such a selly soiorne as I haf hade here,

Your honour at þis hyȝe fest, þe hyȝe kyng yow ȝelde!

I ȝef yow me for on of yourez, if yowreself lykez,

For I mot nedes, as ȝe wot, meue to-morne,

And ȝe me take sum tolke to teche, as ȝe hyȝt,

Þe gate to þe grene chapel, as God wyl me suffer

To dele on Nw Ȝerez day þe dome of my wyrdes.'

'In god fayþe,' quoþ þe godmon, 'wyth a goud wylle

Al þat euer I yow hyȝt halde schal I redé.'

Þer asyngnes he a seruaunt to sett hym in þe waye, [folio 117v]

And coundue hym by þe downez, þat he no drechch had,

For to ferk þurȝ þe fryth and fare at þe gaynest

bi greue.

Þe lorde Gawayn con þonk,

Such worchip he wolde hym weue.

Þen at þo ladyez wlonk

Þe knyȝt hatz tan his leue.

Page  55

With care and wyth kyssyng he carppez hem tille,

And fele þryuande þonkkez he þrat hom to haue,

And þay ȝelden hym aȝayn ȝeply þat ilk;

Þay bikende hym to Kryst with ful colde sykyngez.

Syþen fro þe meyny he menskly departes;

Vche mon þat he mette, he made hem a þonke

For his seruyse and his solace and his sere pyne,

Þat þay wyth busynes had ben aboute hym to serue;

And vche segge as soré to seuer with hym þere

As þay hade wonde worþyly with þat wlonk euer.

Þen with ledes and lyȝt he watz ladde to his chambre

And blyþely broȝt to his bedde to be at his rest.

Ȝif he ne slepe soundyly say ne dar I,

For he hade muche on þe morn to mynne, ȝif he wolde,

in þoȝt.

Let hym lyȝe þere stille,

He hatz nere þat he soȝt;

And ȝe wyl a whyle be stylle

I schal telle yow how þay wroȝt.

Passus IV

NOW neȝez þe Nw Ȝere, and þe nyȝt passez,

Þe day dryuez to þe derk, as Dryȝtyn biddez;

Bot wylde wederez of þe worlde wakned þeroute,

Clowdes kesten kenly þe colde to þe erþe,

Wyth nyȝe innoghe of þe norþe, þe naked to tene;

Þe snawe snitered ful snart, þat snayped þe wylde;

Þe werbelande wynde wapped fro þe hyȝe,

And drof vche dale ful of dryftes ful grete.

Þe leude lystened ful wel þat leȝ in his bedde,

Þaȝ he lowkez his liddez, ful lyttel he slepes;

Bi vch kok þat crue he knwe wel þe steuen. [folio 118r]

Deliuerly he dressed vp, er þe day sprenged,

For þere watz lyȝt of a laumpe þat lemed in his chambre;

He called to his chamberlayn, þat cofly hym swared,

And bede hym bryng hym his bruny and his blonk sadel;

Page  56

Þat oþer ferkez hym vp and fechez hym his wedez,

And grayþez me Sir Gawayn vpon a grett wyse.

Fyrst he clad hym in his cloþez þe colde for to were,

And syþen his oþer harnays, þat holdely watz keped,

Boþe his paunce and his platez, piked ful clene,

Þe ryngez rokked of þe roust of his riche bruny;

And al watz fresch as vpon fyrst, and he watz fayn þenne

to þonk;

He hade vpon vche pece,

Wypped ful wel and wlonk;

Þe gayest into Grece,

Þe burne bede bryng his blonk.

Whyle þe wlonkest wedes he warp on hymseluen--

His cote wyth þe conysaunce of þe clere werkez

Ennurned vpon veluet, vertuus stonez

Aboute beten and bounden, enbrauded semez,

And fayre furred withinne wyth fayre pelures--

Ȝet laft he not þe lace, þe ladiez gifte,

Þat forgat not Gawayn for gode of hymseluen.

Bi he hade belted þe bronde vpon his balȝe haunchez,

Þenn dressed he his drurye double hym aboute,

Swyþe sweþled vmbe his swange swetely þat knyȝt

Þe gordel of þe grene silke, þat gay wel bisemed,

Vpon þat ryol red cloþe þat ryche watz to schewe.

Bot wered not þis ilk wyȝe for wele þis gordel,

For pryde of þe pendauntez, þaȝ polyst þay were,

And þaȝ þe glyterande golde glent vpon endez,

Bot for to sauen hymself, when suffer hym byhoued,

To byde bale withoute dabate of bronde hym to were

oþer knyffe.

Bi þat þe bolde mon boun

Wynnez þeroute bilyue,

Alle þe meyny of renoun

He þonkkez ofte ful ryue. [folio 118v]

Thenne watz Gryngolet grayþe, þat gret watz and huge,

And hade ben soiourned sauerly and in a siker wyse,

Hym lyst prik for poynt, þat proude hors þenne.

Page  57

Þe wyȝe wynnez hym to and wytez on his lyre,

And sayde soberly hymself and by his soth swerez:

'Here is a meyny in þis mote þat on menske þenkkez,

Þe mon hem maynteines, ioy mot þay haue;

Þe leue lady on lyue luf hir bityde;

Ȝif þay for charyté cherysen a gest,

And halden honour in her honde, þe haþel hem ȝelde

Þat haldez þe heuen vpon hyȝe, and also yow alle!

And ȝif I myȝt lyf vpon londe lede any quyle,

I schuld rech yow sum rewarde redyly, if I myȝt.'

Þenn steppez he into stirop and strydez alofte;

His schalk schewed hym his schelde, on schulder he hit laȝt,

Gordez to Gryngolet with his gilt helez,

And he startez on þe ston, stod he no lenger

to praunce.

His haþel on hors watz þenne,

Þat bere his spere and launce.

'Þis kastel to Kryst I kenne':

He gef hit ay god chaunce.

The brygge watz brayde doun, and þe brode ȝatez

Vnbarred and born open vpon boþe halue.

Þe burne blessed hym bilyue, and þe bredez passed--

Prayses þe porter bifore þe prynce kneled,

Gef hym God and goud day, þat Gawayn he saue--

And went on his way with his wyȝe one,

Þat schulde teche hym to tourne to þat tene place

Þer þe ruful race he schulde resayue.

Þay boȝen bi bonkkez þer boȝez ar bare,

Þay clomben bi clyffez þer clengez þe colde.

Þe heuen watz vphalt, bot vgly þer-vnder;

Mist muged on þe mor, malt on þe mountez,

Vch hille hade a hatte, a myst-hakel huge.

Brokez byled and breke bi bonkkez aboute,

Schyre schaterande on schorez, þer þay doun schowued. [folio 119r]

Wela wylle watz þe way þer þay bi wod schulden,

Til hit watz sone sesoun þat þe sunne ryses

þat tyde.

Þay were on a hille ful hyȝe,

Þe quyte snaw lay bisyde;

Page  58

Þe burne þat rod hym by

Bede his mayster abide.

'For I haf wonnen yow hider, wyȝe, at þis tyme,

And now nar ȝe not fer fro þat note place

Þat ȝe han spied and spuryed so specially after;

Bot I schal say yow for soþe, syþen I yow knowe,

And ȝe ar a lede vpon lyue þat I wel louy,

Wolde ȝe worch bi my wytte, ȝe worþed þe better.

Þe place þat ȝe prece to ful perelous is halden;

Þer wonez a wyȝe in þat waste, þe worst vpon erþe,

For he is stiffe and sturne, and to strike louies,

And more he is þen any mon vpon myddelerde,

And his body bigger þen þe best fowre

Þat ar in Arþurez hous, Hestor, oþer oþer.

He cheuez þat chaunce at þe chapel grene,

Þer passes non bi þat place so proude in his armes

Þat he ne dyngez hym to deþe with dynt of his honde;

For he is a mon methles, and mercy non vses,

For be hit chorle oþer chaplayn þat bi þe chapel rydes,

Monk oþer masseprest, oþer any mon elles,

Hym þynk as queme hym to quelle as quyk go hymseluen.

Forþy I say þe, as soþe as ȝe in sadel sitte,

Com ȝe þere, ȝe be kylled, may þe knyȝt rede,

Trawe ȝe me þat trwely, þaȝ ȝe had twenty lyues

to spende.

He hatz wonyd here ful ȝore,

On bent much baret bende,

Aȝayn his dyntez sore

Ȝe may not yow defende.

'Forþy, goude Sir Gawayn, let þe gome one,

And gotz away sum oþer gate, vpon Goddez halue!

Cayrez bi sum oþer kyth, þer Kryst mot yow spede,

And I schal hyȝ me hom aȝayn, and hete yow fyrre [folio 119v]

Þat I schal swere bi God and alle his gode halȝez,

As help me God and þe halydam, and oþez innoghe,

Þat I schal lelly yow layne, and lance neuer tale

Þat euer ȝe fondet to fle for freke þat I wyst.'

Page  59

'Grant merci', quoþ Gawayn, and gruchyng he sayde:

'Wel worth þe, wyȝe, þat woldez my gode,

And þat lelly me layne I leue wel þou woldez.

Bot helde þou hit neuer so holde, and I here passed,

Founded for ferde for to fle, in fourme þat þou tellez,

I were a knyȝt kowarde, I myȝt not be excused.

Bot I wyl to þe chapel, for chaunce þat may falle,

And talk wyth þat ilk tulk þe tale þat me lyste,

Worþe hit wele oþer wo, as þe wyrde lykez

hit hafe.

Þaȝe he be a sturn knape

To stiȝtel, and stad with staue,

Ful wel con Dryȝtyn schape

His seruauntez for to saue.'

'Mary!' quoþ þat oþer mon, 'now þou so much spellez,

Þat þou wylt þyn awen nye nyme to þyseluen,

And þe lyst lese þy lyf, þe lette I ne kepe.

Haf here þi helme on þy hede, þi spere in þi honde,

And ryde me doun þis ilk rake bi ȝon rokke syde,

Til þou be broȝt to þe boþem of þe brem valay;

Þenne loke a littel on þe launde, on þi lyfte honde,

And þou schal se in þat slade þe self chapel,

And þe borelych burne on bent þat hit kepez.

Now farez wel, on Godez half, Gawayn þe noble!

For alle þe golde vpon grounde I nolde go wyth þe,

Ne bere þe felaȝschip þurȝ þis fryth on fote fyrre.'

Bi þat þe wyȝe in þe wod wendez his brydel,

Hit þe hors with þe helez as harde as he myȝt,

Lepez hym ouer þe launde, and leuez þe knyȝt þere

al one.

'Bi Goddez self,' quoþ Gawayn,

'I wyl nauþer grete ne grone;

To Goddez wylle I am ful bayn,

And to hym I haf me tone.' [folio 120r]

Thenne gyrdez he to Gryngolet, and gederez þe rake,

Schowuez in bi a schore at a schaȝe syde,

Ridez þurȝ þe roȝe bonk ryȝt to þe dale;

Page  60

And þenne he wayted hym aboute, and wylde hit hym þoȝt,

And seȝe no syngne of resette bisydez nowhere,

Bot hyȝe bonkkez and brent vpon boþe halue,

And ruȝe knokled knarrez with knorned stonez;

Þe skwez of þe scowtes skayned hym þoȝt.

Þenne he houed, and wythhylde his hors at þat tyde,

And ofte chaunged his cher þe chapel to seche:

He seȝ non suche in no syde, and selly hym þoȝt,

Saue, a lyttel on a launde, a lawe as hit were;

A balȝ berȝ bi a bonke þe brymme bysyde,

Bi a forȝ of a flode þat ferked þare;

Þe borne blubred þerinne as hit boyled hade.

Þe knyȝt kachez his caple, and com to þe lawe,

Liȝtez doun luflyly, and at a lynde tachez

Þe rayne and his riche with a roȝe braunche.

Þenne he boȝez to þe berȝe, aboute hit he walkez,

Debatande with hymself quat hit be myȝt.

Hit hade a hole on þe ende and on ayþer syde,

And ouergrowen with gresse in glodes aywhere,

And al watz holȝ inwith, nobot an olde caue,

Or a creuisse of an olde cragge, he couþe hit noȝt deme

with spelle.

'We! Lorde,' quoþ þe gentyle knyȝt,

'Wheþer þis be þe grene chapelle?

Here myȝt aboute mydnyȝt

Þe dele his matynnes telle!

'Now iwysse,' quoþ Wowayn, 'wysty is here;

Þis oritore is vgly, with erbez ouergrowen;

Wel bisemez þe wyȝe wruxled in grene

Dele here his deuocioun on þe deuelez wyse.

Now I fele hit is þe fende, in my fyue wyttez,

Þat hatz stoken me þis steuen to strye me here.

Þis is a chapel of meschaunce, þat chekke hit bytyde!

Hit is þe corsedest kyrk þat euer I com inne!' [folio 120v]

With heȝe helme on his hede, his launce in his honde,

He romez vp to þe roffe of þe roȝ wonez.

Page  61

Þene herde he of þat hyȝe hil, in a harde roche

Biȝonde þe broke, in a bonk, a wonder breme noyse,

Quat! hit clatered in þe clyff, as hit cleue schulde,

As one vpon a gryndelston hade grounden a syþe.

What! hit wharred and whette, as water at a mulne;

What! hit rusched and ronge, rawþe to here.

Þenne 'Bi Godde,' quoþ Gawayn, 'þat gere, as I trowe,

Is ryched at þe reuerence me, renk, to mete

bi rote.

Let God worche! "We loo"--

Hit helppez me not a mote.

My lif þaȝ I forgoo,

Drede dotz me no lote.'

Thenne þe knyȝt con calle ful hyȝe:

'Who stiȝtlez in þis sted me steuen to holde?

For now is gode Gawayn goande ryȝt here.

If any wyȝe oȝt wyl, wynne hider fast,

Oþer now oþer neuer, his nedez to spede.'

'Abyde', quoþ on on þe bonke abouen ouer his hede,

'And þou schal haf al in hast þat I þe hyȝt ones.'

Ȝet he rusched on þat rurde rapely a þrowe.

And wyth quettyng awharf, er he wolde lyȝt;

And syþen he keuerez bi a cragge, and comez of a hole,

Whyrlande out of a wro wyth a felle weppen,

A denez ax nwe dyȝt, þe dynt with to ȝelde,

With a borelych bytte bende by þe halme,

Fyled in a fylor, fowre fote large--

Hit watz no lasse bi þat lace þat lemed ful bryȝt--

And þe gome in þe grene gered as fyrst,

Boþe þe lyre and þe leggez, lokkez and berde,

Saue þat fayre on his fote he foundez on þe erþe,

Sette þe stele to þe stone, and stalked bysyde.

When he wan to þe watter, þer he wade nolde,

He hypped ouer on hys ax, and orpedly strydez,

Bremly broþe on a bent þat brode watz aboute,

on snawe. [folio 121r]

Sir Gawayn þe knyȝt con mete,

He ne lutte hym noþyng lowe;

Page  62

Þat oþer sayde, 'Now, sir swete,

Of steuen mon may þe trowe.'

'Gawayn,' quoþ þat grene gome, 'God þe mot loke!

Iwysse þou art welcom, wyȝe, to my place,

And þou hatz tymed þi trauayl as truee mon schulde,

And þou knowez þe couenauntez kest vus bytwene:

At þis tyme twelmonyth þou toke þat þe falled,

And I schulde at þis Nwe Ȝere ȝeply þe quyte.

And we ar in þis valay verayly oure one;

Here ar no renkes vs to rydde, rele as vus likez.

Haf þy helme of þy hede, and haf here þy pay.

Busk no more debate þen I þe bede þenne

When þou wypped of my hede at a wap one.'

'Nay, bi God,' quoþ Gawayn, 'þat me gost lante,

I schal gruch þe no grwe for grem þat fallez.

Bot styȝtel þe vpon on strok, and I schal stonde stylle

And warp þe no wernyng to worch as þe lykez,

nowhare.'

He lened with þe nek, and lutte,

And schewed þat schyre al bare,

And lette as he noȝt dutte;

For drede he wolde not dare.

THEN þe gome in þe grene grayþed hym swyþe,

Gederez vp hys grymme tole Gawayn to smyte;

With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte,

Munt as maȝtyly as marre hym he wolde;

Hade hit dryuen adoun as dreȝ as he atled,

Þer hade ben ded of his dynt þat doȝty watz euer.

Bot Gawayn on þat giserne glyfte hym bysyde,

As hit com glydande adoun on glode hym to schende,

And schranke a lytel with þe schulderes for þe scharp yrne.

Þat oþer schalk wyth a schunt þe schene wythhaldez,

And þenne repreued he þe prynce with mony prowde wordez:

'Þou art not Gawayn,' quoþ þe gome, 'þat is so goud halden,

Þat neuer arȝed for no here by hylle ne be vale, [folio 121v]

And now þou fles for ferde er þou fele harmez!

Such cowardise of þat knyȝt cowþe I neuer here.

Page  63

Nawþer fyked I ne flaȝe, freke, quen þou myntest,

Ne kest no kauelacion in kyngez hous Arthor.

My hede flaȝ to my fote, and ȝet flaȝ I neuer;

And þou, er any harme hent, arȝez in hert;

Wherfore þe better burne me burde be called

þerfore.'

Quoþ Gawayn, 'I schunt onez,

And so wyl I no more;

Bot þaȝ my hede falle on þe stonez,

I con not hit restore.

'Bot busk, burne, bi þi fayth, and bryng me to þe poynt.

Dele to me my destiné, and do hit out of honde,

For I schal stonde þe a strok, and start no more

Til þyn ax haue me hitte: haf here my trawþe.'

'Haf at þe þenne!' quoþ þat oþer, and heuez hit alofte,

And waytez as wroþely as he wode were.

He myntez at hym maȝtyly, bot not þe mon rynez,

Withhelde heterly his honde, er hit hurt myȝt.

Gawayn grayþely hit bydez, and glent with no membre,

Bot stode stylle as þe ston, oþer a stubbe auþer

Þat raþeled is in roché grounde with rotez a hundreth.

Þen muryly efte con he mele, þe mon in þe grene:

'So, now þou hatz þi hert holle, hitte me bihous.

Halde þe now þe hyȝe hode þat Arþur þe raȝt,

And kepe þy kanel at þis kest, ȝif hit keuer may.'

Gawayn ful gryndelly with greme þenne sayde:

'Wy! þresch on, þou þro mon, þou þretez to longe;

I hope þat þi hert arȝe wyth þyn awen seluen.'

'For soþe,' quoþ þat oþer freke, 'so felly þou spekez,

I wyl no lenger on lyte lette þin ernde

riȝt nowe.'

Þenne tas he hym stryþe to stryke,

And frounsez boþe lyppe and browe;

No meruayle þaȝ hym myslyke

Þat hoped of no rescowe.

He lyftes lyȝtly his lome, and let hit doun fayre [folio 122r]

With þe barbe of þe bitte bi þe bare nek;

Page  64

Þaȝ he homered heterly, hurt hym no more

Bot snyrt hym on þat on syde, þat seuered þe hyde.

Þe scharp schrank to þe flesche þurȝ þe schyre grece,

Þat þe schene blod ouer his schulderes schot to þe erþe;

And quen þe burne seȝ þe blode blenk on þe snawe,

He sprit forth spenne-fote more þen a spere lenþe,

Hent heterly his helme, and on his hed cast,

Schot with his schulderez his fayre schelde vnder,

Braydez out a bryȝt sworde, and bremely he spekez--

Neuer syn þat he watz burne borne of his moder

Watz he neuer in þis worlde wyȝe half so blyþe--

'Blynne, burne, of þy bur, bede me no mo!

I haf a stroke in þis sted withoute stryf hent,

And if þow rechez me any mo, I redyly schal quyte,

And ȝelde ȝederly aȝayn--and þerto ȝe tryst--

and foo.

Bot on stroke here me fallez--

Þe couenaunt schop ryȝt so,

Fermed in Arþurez hallez--

And þerfore, hende, now hoo!'

The haþel heldet hym fro, and on his ax rested,

Sette þe schaft vpon schore, and to þe scharp lened,

And loked to þe leude þat on þe launde ȝede,

How þat doȝty, dredles, deruely þer stondez

Armed, ful aȝlez: in hert hit hym lykez.

Þenn he melez muryly wyth a much steuen,

And wyth a rynkande rurde he to þe renk sayde:

'Bolde burne, on þis bent be not so gryndel.

No mon here vnmanerly þe mysboden habbez,

Ne kyd bot as couenaunde at kyngez kort schaped.

I hyȝt þe a strok and þou hit hatz, halde þe wel payed;

I relece þe of þe remnaunt of ryȝtes alle oþer.

Iif I deliuer had bene, a boffet paraunter

I couþe wroþeloker haf waret, to þe haf wroȝt anger.

Fyrst I mansed þe muryly with a mynt one,

And roue þe wyth no rof-sore, with ryȝt I þe profered [folio 122v]

Page  65

For þe forwarde þat we fest in þe fyrst nyȝt,

And þou trystyly þe trawþe and trwly me haldez,

Al þe gayne þow me gef, as god mon schulde.

Þat oþer munt for þe morne, mon, I þe profered,

Þou kyssedes my clere wyf--þe cossez me raȝtez.

For boþe two here I þe bede bot two bare myntes

boute scaþe.

Trwe mon trwe restore,

Þenne þar mon drede no waþe.

At þe þrid þou fayled þore,

And þerfor þat tappe ta þe.

'For hit is my wede þat þou werez, þat ilke wouen girdel,

Myn owen wyf hit þe weued, I wot wel for soþe.

Now know I wel þy cosses, and þy costes als,

And þe wowyng of my wyf: I wroȝt hit myseluen.

I sende hir to asay þe, and sothly me þynkkez

On þe fautlest freke þat euer on fote ȝede;

As perle bi þe quite pese is of prys more,

So is Gawayn, in god fayth, bi oþer gay knyȝtez.

Bot here yow lakked a lyttel, sir, and lewté yow wonted;

Bot þat watz for no wylyde werke, ne wowyng nauþer,

Bot for ȝe lufed your lyf; þe lasse I yow blame.'

Þat oþer stif mon in study stod a gret whyle,

So agreued for greme he gryed withinne;

Alle þe blode of his brest blende in his face,

Þat al he schrank for schome þat þe schalk talked.

Þe forme worde vpon folde þat þe freke meled:

'Corsed worth cowarddyse and couetyse boþe!

In yow is vylany and vyse þat vertue disstryez.'

Þenne he kaȝt to þe knot, and þe kest lawsez,

Brayde broþely þe belt to þe burne seluen:

'Lo! þer þe falssyng, foule mot hit falle!

For care of þy knokke cowardyse me taȝt

To acorde me with couetyse, my kynde to forsake,

Þat is larges and lewté þat longez to knyȝtez.

Now am I fawty and falce, and ferde haf ben euer

Of trecherye and vntrawþe: boþe bityde sorȝe

and care! [folio 123r]

Page  66

I biknowe yow, knyȝt, here stylle,

Al fawty is my fare;

Letez me ouertake your wylle

And efte I schal be ware.'

Thenn loȝe þat oþer leude and luflyly sayde:

'I halde hit hardily hole, þe harme þat I hade.

Þou art confessed so clene, beknowen of þy mysses,

And hatz þe penaunce apert of þe poynt of myn egge,

I halde þe polysed of þat plyȝt, and pured as clene

As þou hadez neuer forfeted syþen þou watz fyrst borne;

And I gif þe, sir, þe gurdel þat is golde-hemmed,

For hit is grene as my goune. Sir Gawayn, ȝe maye

Þenk vpon þis ilke þrepe, þer þou forth þryngez

Among prynces of prys, and þis a pure token

Of þe chaunce of þe grene chapel at cheualrous knyȝtez.

And ȝe schal in þis Nwe Ȝer aȝayn to my wonez,

And we schyn reuel þe remnaunt of þis ryche fest

ful bene.'

Þer laþed hym fast þe lorde

And sayde: 'With my wyf, I wene,

We schal yow wel acorde,

Þat watz your enmy kene.'

'Nay, for soþe,' quoþ þe segge, and sesed hys helme,

And hatz hit of hendely, and þe haþel þonkkez,

'I haf soiorned sadly; sele yow bytyde,

And he ȝelde hit yow ȝare þat ȝarkkez al menskes!

And comaundez me to þat cortays, your comlych fere,

Boþe þat on and þat oþer, myn honoured ladyez,

Þat þus hor knyȝt wyth hor kest han koyntly bigyled.

Bot hit is no ferly þaȝ a fole madde,

And þurȝ wyles of wymmen be wonen to sorȝe,

For so watz Adam in erde with one bygyled,

And Salamon with fele sere, and Samson eftsonez--

Dalyda dalt hym hys wyrde--and Dauyth þerafter

Watz blended with Barsabe, þat much bale þoled.

Now þese were wrathed wyth her wyles, hit were a wynne huge

Page  67

To luf hom wel, and leue hem not, a leude þat couþe. [folio 123v]

For þes wer forne þe freest, þat folȝed alle þe sele

Exellently of alle þyse oþer, vnder heuenryche

þat mused;

And alle þay were biwyled

With wymmen þat þay vsed.

Þaȝ I be now bigyled,

Me þink me burde be excused.

'Bot your gordel', quoþ Gawayn, 'God yow forȝelde!

Þat wyl I welde wyth guod wylle, not for þe wynne golde,

Ne þe saynt, ne þe sylk, ne þe syde pendaundes,

For wele ne for worchyp, ne for þe wlonk werkkez,

Bot in syngne of my surfet I schal se hit ofte,

When I ride in renoun, remorde to myseluen

Þe faut and þe fayntyse of þe flesche crabbed,

How tender hit is to entyse teches of fylþe;

And þus, quen pryde schal me pryk for prowes of armes,

Þe loke to þis luf-lace schal leþe my hert.

Bot on I wolde yow pray, displeses yow neuer:

Syn ȝe be lorde of þe ȝonder londe þer I haf lent inne

Wyth yow wyth worschyp--þe wyȝe hit yow ȝelde

Þat vphaldez þe heuen and on hyȝ sittez--

How norne ȝe yowre ryȝt nome, and þenne no more?'

'Þat schal I telle þe trwly,' quoþ þat oþer þenne,

'Bertilak de Hautdesert I hat in þis londe.

Þurȝ myȝt of Morgne la Faye, þat in my hous lenges,

And koyntyse of clergye, bi craftes wel lerned,

Þe maystrés of Merlyn mony hatz taken--

For ho hatz dalt drwry ful dere sumtyme

With þat conable klerk, þat knowes alle your knyȝtez

at hame;

Morgne þe goddes

Þerfore hit is hir name:

Weldez non so hyȝe hawtesse

Þat ho ne con make ful tame--

'Ho wayned me vpon þis wyse to your wynne halle

For to assay þe surquidré, ȝif hit soth were

Page  68

Þat rennes of þe grete renoun of þe Rounde Table;

Ho wayned me þis wonder your wyttez to reue, [folio 124r]

For to haf greued Gaynour and gart hir to dyȝe

With glopnyng of þat ilke gome þat gostlych speked

With his hede in his honde bifore þe hyȝe table.

Þat is ho þat is at home, þe auncian lady;

Ho is euen þyn aunt, Arþurez half-suster,

Þe duches doȝter of Tyntagelle, þat dere Vter after

Hade Arþur vpon, þat aþel is nowþe.

Þerfore I eþe þe, haþel, to com to þyn aunt,

Make myry in my hous; my meny þe louies,

And I wol þe as wel, wyȝe, bi my faythe,

As any gome vnder God for þy grete trauþe.'

And he nikked hym naye, he nolde bi no wayes.

Þay acolen and kyssen and kennen ayþer oþer

To þe prynce of paradise, and parten ryȝt þere

on coolde;

Gawayn on blonk ful bene

To þe knygez burȝ buskez bolde,

And þe knyȝt in þe enker-grene

Whiderwarde-so-euer he wolde.

Wylde wayez in þe worlde Wowen now rydez

On Gryngolet, þat þe grace hade geten of his lyue;

Ofte he herbered in house and ofte al þeroute,

And mony aventure in vale, and venquyst ofte,

Þat I ne tyȝt at þis tyme in tale to remene.

Þe hurt watz hole þat he hade hent in his nek,

And þe blykkande belt he bere þeraboute

Abelef as a bauderyk bounden bi his syde,

Loken vnder his lyfte arme, þe lace, with a knot,

In tokenyng he watz tane in tech of a faute.

And þus he commes to þe court, knyȝt al in sounde.

Þer wakned wele in þat wone when wyst þe grete

Þat gode Gawayn watz commen; gayn hit hym þoȝt.

Þe kyng kyssez þe knyȝt, and þe whene alce,

And syþen mony syker knyȝt þat soȝt hym to haylce,

Of his fare þat hym frayned; and ferlyly he telles,

Page  69

Biknowez alle þe costes of care þat he hade,

Þe chaunce of þe chapel, þe chere of þe knyȝt, [folio 124v]

Þe luf of þe ladi, þe lace at þe last.

Þe nirt in þe nek he naked hem schewed

Þat he laȝt for his vnleuté at þe leudes hondes

for blame.

He tened quen he schulde telle,

He groned for gref and grame;

Þe blod in his face con melle,

When he hit schulde schewe, for schame.

'Lo! lorde,' quoþ þe leude, and þe lace hondeled,

'Þis is þe bende of þis blame I bere in my nek,

Þis is þe laþe and þe losse þat I laȝt haue

Of couardise and couetyse þat I haf caȝt þare;

Þis is þe token of vntrawþe þat I am tan inne,

And I mot nedez hit were wyle I may last;

For mon may hyden his harme, bot vnhap ne may hit,

For þer hit onez is tachched twynne wil hit neuer.'

Þe kyng comfortez þe knyȝt, and alle þe court als

Laȝen loude þerat, and luflyly acorden

Þat lordes and ladis þat longed to þe Table,

Vche burne of þe broþerhede, a bauderyk schulde haue,

A bende abelef hym aboute of a bryȝt grene,

And þat, for sake of þat segge, in swete to were.

For þat watz acorded þe renoun of þe Rounde Table,

And he honoured þat hit hade euermore after,

As hit is breued in þe best boke of romaunce.

Þus in Arthurus day þis aunter bitidde,

Þe Brutus bokez þerof beres wyttenesse;

Syphen Brutus, þe bolde burne, boȝed hider fyrst,

After þe segge and þe asaute watz sesed at Troye,

iwysse,

Mony aunterez here-biforne

Haf fallen suche er þis.

Now þat here þe croun of þorne,

He bryng vus to his blysse! AMEN.

HONY SOYT QUI MAL PENCE.

This video shows the introduction of the poem read in Middle English 

And this is a documentary made by BBC about the poem

Source of the texts
http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/gawainintro.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/Gawain/1:1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/sggk.htm